快速启动厌氧氨氧化工艺

Quick Start-up of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process

为研究如何获得厌氧氨氧化的快速启动工艺,采用两种不同水力流态反应器:完全混合式膜生物反应器(MBR)和推流式厌氧折流板反应器(ABR),分别接种絮状硝化污泥,考察其厌氧氨氧化快速启动性能.结果表明:两种反应器均能成功启动厌氧氨氧化,MBR启动周期(90 d)比ABR(111 d)缩短20%;稳定运行期内,MBR总氮(NH_4^+-N+NO_2^--N)平均去除负荷[0.098 kg·(m3·d)-1]也明显高于ABR[0.089 kg·(m3·d)-1];此外,两个反应器中污泥形态差异明显,MBR中污泥呈絮状,而ABR第1隔室中以厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥为主;NH_4^+-N、NO_2^--N和NO_3^--N之间的定量关系分析表明:相较于ABR,MBR能实现完全的生物截留,使得系统内含有更多种类的脱氮功能菌,有利于氮素的去除.MBR在厌氧氨氧化的快速启动方面表现出更明显的优势.

In order to study the quick start-up process of anaerobic ammonium oxidation（ ANAMMOX）,two types of reactors with different hydraclic flow state inoculated with aerobic nitrifying sludge were investigated,the membrane bioreactor（ MBR） and anaerobic baffled reactor（ ABR）,respectively. The result showed that both reactors successfully started up ANAMMOX process. The start-up period of the MBR（ 90 d） was 20% shorter than the ABR（ 111 d）. During the stable operation,the average nitrogen（ NH4＋-N ＋NO2--N） removal capacity of 0. 098 kg·（ m3·d）- 1in the MBR was also higher than that of 0. 089 kg·（ m3·d）- 1in the ABR. In addition,the differences of sludge morphology were obvious in the two reactors; flocculent sludge was developed in the MBR while ANAMMOX granular sludge was mainly formed in the first compartment of the ABR. Moreover,the quantitative relationship analysis between NH4＋-N,NO2--N and NO3--N showed that the MBR system contained more kinds of bacteria with nitrogen removal function,compared to the ABR,and it was therefore more conducive to the removal of nitrogen. MBR exhibited a more excellent performance for ANAMMOX start-up.