青海省汉、藏、回不同民族食管癌临床特征回顾性分析

Retrospective study of different characteristics of Qinghai Han,Tibetan and Hui esophageal cancer patients

目的:分析青海地区经病理确诊的不同民族食管癌患者的临床资料,以探讨青海地区不同民族食管癌患者独特的临床特征。方法:收集青海大学附属医院2011年至2016年住院确诊的汉、藏、回族食管癌病例,对其年龄、性别、发病部位、病理类型等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:纳入患者中,汉族患者平均年龄为(62.53±6.55)岁;藏族患者平均年龄为(61.56±5.59)岁;回族患者平均年龄为(60.14±5.91)岁;汉族发病年龄高于回族与藏族,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。汉族、藏族及回族男性患者发病均显著显著高于女性患者,三组患者性别比例未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。汉族与回族、回族与藏族、汉族与藏族间吸烟患者比例无统计学差异(P>0.05);藏族、回族患者饮酒比例高于汉族(P<0.05);藏族、回族患者摄入腌制食品日均大于10g比例高于汉族(P<0.05)。汉族、藏族、回族患者食管中段发病均显著高于上下段患者,各民族之间发病部位分布趋势一致,不具有统计学差异(P>0.05)。汉族、藏族、回族患者病理分型鳞癌发病率显著高于其他类型,藏族及回族患者鳞癌发病率高于汉族患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组患者食管癌分化程度情况均为中分化最多,其次为低分化,最少为高分化。三组患者分化程度趋势一致,不具有统计学差异(P>0.05)。三组食管癌病理分期均为中期多于晚期多于早期。藏族、回族患者中晚期比例高于汉族患者(P<0.05)。汉族患者生存率高于回族(P<0.05)及藏族(P<0.05);藏族和回族患者生存率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:青海省食管癌仍以鳞癌为主,好发于食管中下两段,恶性程度普遍较高,男性仍为食管癌高发人群,藏族及回族食管癌检出年龄较低,病理分期较晚,预后较差。

Objective：To analyze esophageal cancer patients from different nationalities in Qinghai,and explore the unique esophageal cancer patients of different nationalities in Qinghai clinical features. Methods：We concluded patients who have diagnosed esophageal cancer from Han,Tibetan,Hui,and analyzed age,gender,disease location,histological type and other clinical data. Results：The average age of Han patients was（ 62. 53 ± 6. 55） years. Tibetan was（ 61. 56 ± 5. 59） years. Hui patients was（ 60. 14 ± 5. 91） years. The mean age of Hui and Tibetan was lower than Han（ P 0. 05）. The male proportion of Han,Tibetan,Hui patients was significantly higher than female patients,the difference was significant（ P 0. 05）. Between these three groups,the gender proportion of patients had no significant difference（ P 0. 05）. There was no significant difference in the proportion of smoking among Han and Hui,Hui and Tibetan,Han and Tibetan（ P 0. 05）. The proportion of drinking among Tibetan and Hui was higher than that of Han（ P 0. 05）. The intake of preserved food in Hui and Tibetan patients was higher than Han patients（ P 0. 05）. The Han,Tibetan,Hui patients segment esophageal in middle were higher than the up and lower sections,the difference was statistically significant（ P 0. 05）. There＇s no significant difference between each group（ P 0. 05）. The Han,Tibetan,Hui patients incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than other types,the difference was statistically significant（ P 0. 05）. The Tibetan and Hui had higher incidence of patients with squamous cell carcinoma,the difference was statistically significant（ P 0. 05）. The medium differentiation took the most part,followed by low differentiation and high differentiation. There＇s no significant difference between each group（ P 0. 05）. The Tibetan and Hui patients had more medium or advanced cancer than Han（ P 0. 05）. The survival rate of Han patients was higher than of Hui（ P 0. 05） and Tibetan（ P 0. 05）. No significant survival difference（ P 0. 05） was observed between Hui and Tibetan patients. Conclusion：The esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is still mainly type occurring in Qinghai,and men still had a high risk of esophageal cancer. Patients in Tibetan and Hui may had a lower age and more serious malignancy degree.