方法论整体主义在公害犯罪因果关系中的应用

The Application of Methodological Holism in Causation of Public Hazards Crimes

公害犯罪在因果关系的证明上存在问题,无法通过传统教义学体系加以说明。传统理论上以"条件公式"为核心的因果律体系站在方法论个体主义的立场之上,判定特定行为与结果之间是否具有"引起与被引起"的关系,强调异常介入因素的切断作用,忽视社会意义的考察,并且在很多情况下无法得到现有科技的切实证明。方法论整体主义视野下的盖然性归责将视角从切实作用转移到"盖然性"的考察,由此对引起结果具有最高盖然性的个体加以归责。方法论整体主义视野下的整体归责则是先确立承担责任的整体,而后在内部解决个体责任分配的问题。方法论整体主义视野下的归责原则在公害犯罪问题上更好地回应了刑事政策的要求。

The causation of public hazards crimes is hard to be proved and can't be explained by classical dogmatics. The causation centered on ' but-for rule',keeping to the stand of methodological individualism to judge if the specific act has the relationship of ' cause and be caused' with the result,emphasizes the cut off of causation by irregular factors and ignores the social meaning and cannot be proved by present technology. From the angle of ' probability causation' in methodological holism,the object to be observed is from true effect to probability. The integral imputation in methodological holism firstly affirms the whole to be blamed,and then distribute the responsibility. The methodological holism in causation of public hazards crimes apply to the challenge of risk society and criminal policy.