亚里士多德是公民共和主义的奠基者吗?——基于波考克的亚里士多德解释范式

Is Aristotle the Founder of Civic Republicanism?——An Analysis Based on Pocock's Interpreting Paradigm to Aristotle

波考克将亚里士多德的政制(混合政体)作为公民人文主义的终极范式,并串起一个从亚里士多德到文艺复兴时期的佛罗伦萨,17世纪英格兰以及18世纪美国的共和主义传统。但是通过对波考克的亚里士多德解读的详细考察,我们至少可以在三个方面发现这一解读所存在的问题,即忽视哲学沉思作为最高幸福的地位、忽视政治参与之外的"个人维度"的伦理德性以及误读政制(混合政体)在亚里士多德政体理论中的地位和目的。波考克的解读所存在的问题以及他特定的语言表达方式,体现的是他自己特定的立场,即多元价值的平等主义立场以及共同体公共善的整体主义立场。

Pocock defines Aristotle’s politeia(mixed regime)as the ultimate paradigm of civic humanism,and traces the republican tradition from Aristotle to Florence during the Renaissance and then to England in the 17th century and America in the 18th century.However,by investigating thoroughly Pocock’s interpretation of Aristotle’s political thought,we can find it problematic at three aspects:the neglect of the supremacy of philosophical contemplation,the ignorance of the'individual'ethical virtue other than political participation,and the mistaking of the status and end of politeia(mixed regime)in Aristotle’s theory of polity.The problems of his interpretation and his own particular expression of language prove that Pocock has his own standpoint,that is,egalitarianism of plural values and holism of common good.