公共体育服务与体育产业的作用机理——基于替代效应和收入效应的分析

Mechanism of Public Sports Services and Sports Industry:Based on Substitution Effect and Income Effect

公共体育服务和体育产业在性质、目标和运行体系等方面存在差异,但作为构成体育事业的两个方面,二者既相互联系又相互影响。运用微观经济理论对公共体育服务和体育产业的作用机理进行分析。结果表明,公共体育服务和体育产业存在"替代"和"收入"两种关系。一方面,公共体育服务投入的增加,会在一定程度上"替代"体育产业;另一方面,公共体育服务的增量供应提高了公众的效用水平,产生收入效应。二者关系的最终结果由这两种效应的综合作用决定,而且基本公共体育服务和非基本公共体育服务对体育产业影响的总效应不同,前者对体育产业具有正外部性,能够促进体育产业发展,后者挤占体育产业市场,短期内会影响体育产业发展。由此给出政策建议,一是加大基本公共体育服务的供给力度,减少非基本公共体育服务的财政支持;二是降低政府直接生产的比例,更多采用政府购买、公私合作、合同外包等间接供给方式;三是通过税收、补贴等政策手段引导社会资本的体育投资倾向。

Public sports services and sports industry are different in features,objectives and operational systems.As two parts of the sports,they are interrelated and mutually influenced.The paper analyzed their effect mechanism by micro economy theory.The study shows that both public sports service and sports industry have substitution and income effects.On one hand,increasing expense of public sports service may alternate sports industry in a way.On the other hand increasing supply of public sports service improves society utility and generates income effect.Comprehensive functions of the two effects determine their relation.Nevertheless,basic and non-basic public sports services affect sports industry differently.The former,which has more positive effects to the sports industry can promote the development of sports industry.The latter occupies sports market and restricts sports industry.We can draw three significant conclusions on policies.The first one is to increase basic public sports service and reduce financial support of non-basic public sports.The second is to decrease the proportion of government s direct produce,instead of government purchasing,public-private cooperation,outsourcing and other indirect investment.The third is to encourage social capital to invest in sports by taxes,subsidies and other policies.