2013—2015年宁夏某采油厂职业卫生状况调查

Investigation on occupational health status of an oil production plant in Ningxia from 2013-2015

目的了解宁夏某采油厂工作场所中的主要职业病危害因素和接触职业病危害因素工人的健康状况。方法对2013—2015年宁夏某采油厂进行职业卫生调查,对接触职业病危害因素的在岗工人进行职业健康检查,对工作场所进行职业病危害因素检测。结果 3年噪声检测合格率为86.7%,三苯(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)、非甲烷总烃、粉尘分别为92.7%、98.7%、99.4%。其他危害因素检测合格率均为100.0%。2013—2015年该采油厂职业健康检查率分别为80.0%、84.9%、94.9%,年度间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。噪声作业人员共检出264人听力异常,其中职业病禁忌证36人,双耳高频、语频听阈损伤67人,双耳高频听阈损伤161人。3年听力异常检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。粉尘作业工人累计检出职业禁忌证9人,轻度限制性肺通气功能障碍35人。3年中白细胞或血小板异常检出率分别为7.3%、5.4%、3.2%,年度间差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论该采油厂所面临的主要职业病危害因素是三苯和噪声,对作业工人的听力和血常规有不良影响,应不断改善作业环境,做好职业病的三级预防工作。

[Objective]To understand the main occupational hazard factors in workplace and health status of workers exposed to occupational hazard factors in an oil production plant in Ningxia.[Methods]The occupational health survey of an oil production plant in 2013-2015 and occupational health examination of on-the-job workers exposed to occupational hazard factors were carried out,and the occupational hazard factors in workplace were detected.[Results]The qualified rate of noise was 86.7% for three years, three benzene（benzene, toluene, xylene）, non-methane hydrocarbons and dust were 92.7%, 98.7% and 99.4%respectively. The qualified rates of other risk factors were all 100.0%. The occupational health examination rates from 2013-2015 were 80.0%,84.9% and 94.9% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（P 〈0.01）. 264 noise workers were detected hearing abnormalities,including 36 cases of occupational contraindications,67 cases of high frequency and lower frequency threshold damage of binaural,and 161 cases of high-frequency hearing threshold damage of binaural. The difference of hearing abnormality detection rates between three years was statistically significant（P 〈0.01）. 9 workers exposed to dust had occupational contraindications,and 35 cases had mild restrictive pulmonary dysfunction. The abnormal detection rates of white blood cells or platelets in three years were 7.3%,5.4% and 3.2%,and the difference was statistically significant（P 〈0.01）.[Conclusion]The main occupational hazard factors faced by this production plant is three benzene and noise,which have bad influence on hearing and blood routine of workers. We should continue to improve the working environment,do a good job of tertiary prevention of occupational diseases.