2015年龙岩市甲乙类法定传染病流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological features of category A and B infectious diseases in Longyan City in 2015

目的分析龙岩市甲乙类传染病流行特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对龙岩市2015年甲乙类传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果龙岩市2015年无甲类传染病报告,报告乙类传染病15种4 592例,死亡16例,报告发病率177.30/10万,死亡率0.62/10万,病死率348.43/10万。发病以乙型肝炎(乙肝)(1 619例)、梅毒(1 010例)、肺结核(958例)为主,累计占78.11%;死亡病例为艾滋病(11例)、肺结核(2例)、狂犬病(2例)、乙肝(1例);全年发病高峰为1月、5月和7月;年龄组发病率呈现0~1、65~70岁组2个高峰。发病人群中农民占52.72%;男性发病高于女性,发病率男女性别比为1.87∶1;青壮年(20~59岁)是甲乙类传染病的主要发病人群,占80.79%;龙岩市传染病构成从高到低依次为血源及性传播传染病、呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病、虫媒及自然疫源性传染病。结论 2015年龙岩市甲乙类传染病疫情仍较严重,今后应继续落实好计划免疫工作,加大传染病防治工作力度,并随着传染病构成的变化采取相应的防治策略。

[Objective] To provide the basis for establishing the prevention strategies by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of category A and B infectious diseases in Longyan City.[Methods]The epidemic data of category A and B infectious diseases in Longyan City in 2015 were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method.[Results]In 2015,there was no category A infectious disease in Longyan City,while 4 592 cases of 15 kinds of category B infectious diseases were reported,including 16 death cases,and the reported incidence,mortality and fatality rate was 177.30/lakh,0.62/lakh and 348.43/lakh,respectively. The main diseases were hepatitis B（1 619 cases）,syphilis（1 010cases）and tuberculosis（958 cases）,accounting for 78.11%. The deaths included 11 cases of AIDS,2 cases of tuberculosis,2 cases of rabies and 1 case of hepatitis B. The peak seasons appeared in January,May and July. The age groups of 0-1 and 65-70 years old presented the highest incidence rates. The farmers accounted for 52.72% of the patients. The incidence of males was higher than that of females,and the male-to-female ratio was 1.87 ∶1. The young adults aged 20-59 years old were the high risk population of category A and B infectious diseases,accounting for 80.79%.The constitutions of infectious diseases in Longyan City from high to low were blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases,respiratory infectious diseases,intestinal infectious diseases,insect vector and natural focal diseases.[Conclusion]In2015,the epidemic situation of category A and B infectious diseases in Longyan City is still serious. Therefore,it is necessary to continue to implement the planned immunization work in the future,enhance the effort of infectious disease prevention and control,and take corresponding prevention and control measures according to changes in the composition of infectious diseases.