乌鲁木齐市超重/肥胖孕妇的膳食摄入量与妊娠结局研究

Study of dietary intake and pregnancy outcomes in overweight/obese pregnant women in Urumqi

目的探讨超重/肥胖孕妇膳食摄入量情况,妊娠并发症,妊娠结局的特点,为超重/肥胖孕妇妊娠保健工作提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析从2014年10月—2016年2月在新疆乌鲁木齐市某家医院分娩并具有完整产科资料的230例单胎初产妇,按孕前体质指数(BMI)分为体重正常组(18≤BMI<24)130例、超重/肥胖组(BMI≥24)100例;采用食物频率法和24 h膳食回顾法详细记录2组孕妇在孕32周~分娩期间(孕晚期)任意1天所摄入的各种食物品种及数量。数据用营养计算器软件进行分析和评价,最后对2组孕妇妊娠结局进行比较。结果 2组孕妇身高,分娩孕周差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但2组孕妇年龄,孕前体重,孕期增重差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);超重/肥胖组孕妇每日膳食摄入量中能量、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、叶酸、锌等摄入量均高于体重正常组摄入量,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超重/肥胖组妊娠期糖尿病、剖宫产、巨大儿发生率明显高于体重正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕前保持正常体重,进一步加强对孕妇的营养教育,定期监测孕妇体重增长情况是保障良好妊娠结局的重要措施。

[Objective] To explore the characteristics of dietary intake,pregnancy complications and pregnancy outcomes in overweight/obese pregnant women,provide theoretical basis for the health care work of overweight/obese pregnant women.[Methods]230 cases of singleton primiparas who gave birth in a hospital of Urumqi from October 2014 to February 2016 and had complete obstetrical data were analyzed retrospectively,and divided into the normal weight group（18≤BMI〈24,130 cases）and the overweight/obesity group（BMI≥24,100 cases）according to BMI before pregnancy. The food frequency method and 24 h dietary using review method were applied to record the variety and quantity of intake food that the research object ate on any day during late pregnancy（32 weeks of gestation to delivery）. The data was analyzed and evaluated with the nutrition calculator software. Finally,the pregnancy outcomes of two groups were analyzed. [Results]The differences in height and gestational age of delivery were not statistically significant between two groups（P〉0.05）,while there were statistically significant differences in age of pregnant women,pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy between two groups（P〈0.05）. The energy,protein,fat,dietary fiber,folic acid and zinc contents of daily dietary intake in overweight/obese group were higher than those in normal weight group,and the differences were statistically significant（P 〈0.05）. The incidence rates of gestational diabetes,cesarean section and macrosomia in overweight/obese group were higher than those in normal weight group,and the differences were statistically significant（P 〈0.05）.[Conclusion]To maintain normal weight before pregnancy,further strengthen nutrition education among pregnant women and carry out the regular monitoring of weight gain during pregnancy are the important measure to ensure the good outcome of pregnancy.