“华夷秩序”研究的历史演进及其启示

Hua-Yi Order of History and the Strategic Revelation to China

针对历史上曾长期主导东亚的华夷秩序,中外学者在研究方法和内容上存在着很大区别。从内容上讲,西方国家和日朝越等国学者分别从华夷秩序与西方关系、华夷秩序内部的华夷之辨角度来解释其历史逻辑。中国学者则经历了尊崇、质疑、否定到重建等不同阶段。从方法上看,历史学研究注重解释"是什么"的问题,而国际关系理论的研究则具有强烈的现实情怀,对史料的选择性使用也招来很多批判。通过梳理华夷秩序研究中的观点和方法,可以看出政治文化上高度的歧视性和统治结构的松散,形成华夷秩序内外部变化的重要线索。中国在参与和塑造未来国际和地区秩序的时候,也要与等级制的华夷观划清界限,坚持古典华夷秩序中宝贵的高度灵活的协商规范。

In term of the diplomatic system of Chinese empire,there are obvious differences on the analysis method of unit and structure between the Chinese and western scholarship. On the aspect of opinion, they are different either on the HuaXia centralism＇s importance, warm diplomatic diplomacy＇s effectiveness, the equilibrium and transformation of the interactive diplomatic structure and so on. To clarify the difference of the study between Chinese and western is very important both on theory and in reality. The future diplomatic strategy has to accept the limitation of diplomatic system of Chinese empire, inherit the highly flexible consultative norms, and avoid equalizing the current diplomacy and the ancient diplomatic system of Chinese empire.