2015年宜昌市城区狂犬病暴露人群健康教育干预效果评价

Evaluation on the effect of health education intervention on rabies exposed population in the urban area,Yichang city,2015

目的为了解宜昌市城区狂犬病暴露人群对狂犬病防治相关知识的知晓情况,评价健康教育干预效果,为制定有效的健康教育策略提供参考。方法 2015年8~10月对前来宜昌市疾控中心狂犬病预防处置专科门诊就诊的成年人(年龄≥18岁)暴露者采用随机抽样的方法选择调查对象,采取每针次接种前集中授课、一对一健康宣教及利用短信发送接种提醒的健康教育模式,将干预前、后同一问卷的调查结果进行比较。结果干预前,调查对象的知晓率最低项仅为14.33%;干预后,对各项知识的知晓率均高于80%(P<0.01)。对狂犬病的传染源、暴露后伤口处理的方法及接种疫苗的时效性等知晓率明显提高,知晓率分别上升32.34%、156.28%、228.19%,前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对就医及预防狂犬病的态度认同率、行为形成率均由干预前的不到50.00%上升到90.00%左右,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。知识获取途径由主要以普通大众传媒渠道获取(56.00%),转向为由医护专业人士及专业书籍途径获取(72.33%)。结论采用集中宣传、一对一个性化教育相结合的模式对狂犬病暴露人群实施健康干预及健康管理,提高了该人群对相关知识的认知水平及对该病的重视程度。

Objective To understand the awareness on knowledge of rabies prevention and control among rabies exposed population in the urban area,Yichang city,and evaluate the effect of health education intervention, so as to provide reference for the development of effective health education strategies. Methods A random sampling method was used to select the subjects, take each dose before centralized instruction, one-on-one and use of SMS to remind the inoculation of health education, intervention before and after the investigation of the same questionnaire results were compared. Results The awareness rate of the subjects was only 14.33% before the intervention,and the awareness rate of the knowledge was higher than before（ P 〈0.01）. The source of infection, exposure to rabies after wound treatment and vaccination timeliness awareness rate increased significantly, the awareness rate increased by 32.34%, 156.28%, and 228.19%, the difference was statistically significant before and after（ P 〈0.01）. The attitude recognition rate and behavior formation rate of medical treatment and prevention of rabies increased from less than 50.00% to about 90.00% before intervention, and the difference was statistically significant（ P 〈0.01）. The way of knowledge acquisition was mainly obtained from the general mass media channels （56.00%）,which was transferred to the professional and professional books （72.33%）. Conclusion The mode of centralized propaganda, one-on-one personalized education combination of population exposed to rabies health intervention and health management improves the cognitive level of knowledge related to the population and the degree of attention to the disease.