语言态度、语言环境与农村学前留守儿童语言使用

Language Attitude,Language Environment and Language Use of Preschool Left-Behind Children in Rural Areas

本文以江西省湖口县679个农村学前留守儿童为样本,运用Probit模型实证分析语言态度、语言环境对儿童语言使用的影响。发现:(1)父母要求监护人使用普通话带小孩,父母经常与监护人保持电话或网络联系并督促监护人和小孩使用普通话,均能有效促进儿童使用普通话。(2)监护人的方言习惯越强,儿童越倾向于使用方言;儿童的玩伴使用普通话,对儿童使用普通话没有明显的影响作用。(3)父母要求监护人使用普通话带孩子时,监护人的方言习惯对儿童方言使用的作用会变弱。因此,父母要求监护人使用普通话,经常与监护人和儿童保持联系并督促其使用普通话,是农村学前留守儿童普通话普及中的关键因素。

This study builds Probit models to make empirical analysis of the effects of language attitude and language environment on children＇ s language use based on the 679 preschool left-behind children in Hukou County, Jiangxi Province. The results show that ： （ 1 ） Children＇ s use of Mandarin is actively encouraged when parents ask guardians to speak to children in Mandarin, and when parents keep contact with the guardians through telephone or internet and supervise the use of Mandarin by guardians and children. （2） Children are more likely to use dialect when the guardians are more accustomed to dialect ; use of Mandarin by playmates has no obvious impact on children＇ s use of Mandarin. （3） The effect of guardians＇ dialect habits on children＇ s use of dialect will become weak when parents require the guardians to speak to children in Mandarin. Therefore, it is crucial for parents to require guardians to use Mandarin, and keep in close touch with guardians and children and urge them to use Mandarin.