“大跃进”动员的仪式化:以灭雀运动为中心的考察

The Ritual Process of the Mobilization during the Great Leap Forward: a Focus on the Sparrow Campaign

"大跃进"前后,灭雀运动的目标经历了从"保护粮食"到"训练人民"的转变,最终被形塑为一场革命语境中的政治仪式化运动。此种转变经由多方面因素促成,也与1949年以来一系列重大政治运动有着密切关联。随着运动目标由"麻雀"向"人"的转变,锻炼、培养民众革命行为模式的潜在逻辑逐步显现,而运动本身也成为可被调用的政治资源与动员工具。"大跃进"期间,以灭雀运动为代表的仪式化动员已成为实现革命斗争话语日常化、社会化进程中的重要环节,并对之后的历史走向造成了多重影响。

During the Great Leap Forward Movement,the main aim of the Sparrow Campaign has been transformed from'protecting grain crops'to'training the mass',thus the Sparrow Campaign was gradually shaped as a political ritual movement in the revolutionary history context.This transformation process was resulted from many factors and closely related to a series of major political movements in the beginning of PRC.With the target of the campaign changed from the Sparrow to the Man,the hidden logic of the Sparrow Campaign as cultivating revolutionary behavior in Man gradually became clear,and the movement itself was regarded as a resource and tool which can help to mobilize the mass by the authorities.The Sparrow Campaign became a mold of the Great Leap Forward which played an important role in the process of politicalization of local society,and influenced the later historic trend.