珠海市青少年群体亲近自然情况调查及其与心理健康的关系

Go into Nature:Survey of Zhuhai Adolescents' Exposure to Nature and Its Relationship with Mental Health

目的:考察珠海市青少年群体亲近自然的情况及其与青少年心理健康的关系。方法:对744名青少年施测自编的亲自然情况调查问卷和长处与困难问卷。结果:1青少年亲近自然活动的次数和时间较少,主要集中于户外徒步、到自然风景区游玩、爬上/登山等活动,而较少进行接近野外的亲自然活动;2青少年与自然互动的活动主要以在居住地附近的花园/公园/绿道进行身体锻炼为主,其次是照顾宠物和种花种菜;335%和34.3%的青少年表示参加亲自然活动和与自然互动活动时非常开心,并且有37.6%和37.8%的青少年表示非常愿意继续参加此类活动;4青少年认为促使他们亲近自然的主要因素有调节情绪缓解压力,与同伴一起玩耍,锻炼身体等,而阻碍他们亲近自然的主要因素则是学业压力太大,没有朋友组织以及家里舒服喜欢呆在家里;5客观的亲近自然活动和自然互动情况与青少年的注意力多动水平呈显著负相关(r亲近自然活动次数=-0.13,r亲近自然活动时间=-0.11,r与自然互动活动次数=-0.11,P均<0.01),但与儿童的亲社会行为存在显著正相关(r亲近自然活动次数=0.11,r与自然互动活动次数=0.12,P均<0.01);6青少年对亲自然活动和自然互动活动的主观喜欢程度与情绪症状(r亲近自然活动=-0.11,r与自然互动活动=-0.16,P均<0.01)、品行问题(r亲近自然活动=-0.19,r与自然互动活动=-0.13,P均<0.01)、多动注意力问题(r亲近自然活动=-0.18,r与自然互动活动=-0.17,P均<0.01)和同伴交往问题(r亲近自然活动=-0.12,;r与自然互动活动=-0.14,P均<0.01)存在显著负相关,而与亲社会行为呈显著正相关(r亲近自然活动=0.24,r与自然互动活动=0.21,P均<0.01)。结论:珠海市青少年较少进行亲自然活动,其亲自然活动情况与其消极心理问题存在负相关,而与积极心理健康存在正相关。

Objective： To investigate Zhuhai adolescents＇ exposure to nature and its relationship to adolescents＇ mental health.Methods：Seven hundred and forty--four adolescents were administered with exposure to nature ques-tionnaire and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire（SDQ）.Results：①Adolescents were less likely to engage in pro --natural activities.Outdoor hiking, natural scenic spot visiting, mountain climbing were the pro--natural activities they engaged most.They were least likely to engage in wilderness exploration;②Adolescents were most likely to engage in natural interaction activities such .as doing physical exercise in garden/park/greenway near home, or taking care of pet or planting flowers and growing vegetables at home;③35 % and 34.3% adolescents reported very happy during pro--natural activities and natural interaction activities.37.6%and 34.3% reported most likely to participate such activities in the future; ④Adolescents rated emotion calming, stress relieving, playing with mates and physical exercising as the main stimulus to go into nature. They rated academic stress, no activity organization, and feeling comfortable at home as the most obstructing factor;⑤Adolescents＇ level of pro-natural activities and natural in- teraction activities participation correlated with their hyperactivity-- inattention negatively （r-0.13, -0.11, -0.11; P〈0.01 ） while correlated with their prosocial behaviour positively （ r = 0.11, P〈 0.01,0.12; P 〈0.01 ）; ⑥ Adolescents enjoyment of the pro--natural activities and natural interaction activities correlated negatively with emotional svmptoms（r =-0.11, 0.16 ; P〈0.01 ）, conduct problems （ r =-0.19 ,-0.13 ; P〈0.01 ）, hyperactivity -- inattention （ r = 0.18,-0.17;P〈0.01） ,peer problems（r-0.12,-0.14;P〈0.01）while correlated positively with prosocial behavior（r = 0.24,0.21 ;P〈0.01）.Conclusion： Adolescents in Zhuhai rarely engage in pro--natural activities.The level of pro-- natural activities engagement correlates negatively with their negative mental outcomes while positively with their positive mental outcomes.