汉语的“四字格”和英语的“四词格”比较研究

Chinese Four-Character Pattern and English Four-Word Pattern

无论是汉语的"四字格"还是英语的"四词格"都有各自的构式框架。本文基于构式语法理论,通过对"四字格"和"四词格"的对应关系及其表达方式考察,发现"四字格"和"四词格"有其对应性,且具有相同/相似的表达方式。其特点:一是"四字/词格"是学得的形式和意义以及话语功能的对子;二是由复句紧缩而成;三是结构框架大都是由成对的副词性关联词语组合而成,且具有韵律性特征。"四字/词格"都可能遵循从凝固化到构式化到习语化的变化过程和特点规律。

Both the Chinese four-character pattern and the English four-word pattern have their own construction frameworks. Based on Construction Grammar and through exploring the corresponding relationship between the four-character pattern and the four-word pattern and their expressing ways, this paper finds that there are some correspondences and same / similar expressing ways between them. Their shared features are that： 1. Both are the learned form-meaning and discourse function pairings; 2. Both are reduced from the complex sentence; 3. Both are formed by paired adverbial conjunction combination and have the rhythmic characteristics. It points out that both Chinese four-character pattern and English four-word pattern follow the change process from the quasi-fixed to the constructional, and further to the idiomatic.