全球化1.0时期英国的全球治理

The British Global Governance during the “Globalization 1.0” Period

19世纪中叶,作为世界头号经济强国和海上霸权国家,英国开始推行贸易自由化和金本位制等一系列有利于世界经济一体化的措施。到第一次世界大战前,世界经济达到前所未有的整合水平。在全球化1.0时期,英国实际上承担起全球治理的责任。它维护海上秩序,废除种种阻碍航海和通商贸易自由的法规,并且在全球铺设海底电缆,绘制世界航海地图等等。后来,由于英国不能正确发挥世界领导作用,无法处理好全球化到一定阶段带来的国家间实力的新变化和矛盾冲突,终于酿成帝国主义战争的爆发。

In the middle of 19 th century, Britain was the leading economic power, had also the hegemony on the sea. She started to push forward a series of policies aiming to promote the world's economic integration, such as free trade and gold-standard. The world's economic integration reached an unprecedented integration. During this so-called 'Globalization 1.0' period, Britain actually performed global governance. She maintained order on the international water, abolished various rules and regulations which hindered the free navigation and trade, laid submarine cables across the oceans and drew navigation maps of the seas. Unfortunately, however in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries, she failed to give a right leadership in coping with the changing reality of power structure of the world and resultant struggles for superiority accompanying the progress of globalization, and finally the world was thrown into imperialist wars.