玉米自交系籽粒含水量资源评价及相关性分析

Evaluation and correlation analysis for grain moisture content in maize inbred lines

以132个玉米自交系为材料,对收获期籽粒含水量种质资源进行评价,并对籽粒含水量与6个穗部性状的相关性进行分析。结果表明：收获期自交系籽粒含水量为11.9%～35.7%,能为低籽粒含水量玉米新品种选育所利用的自交系（含水量〈25%）种质资源比较丰富,约占测定自交系总数的62.9%。通过聚类分析,132个玉米自交系按籽粒含水量差异可分为3大类。属于低籽粒含水量类型的自交系有42个,籽粒含水量为11.9%～20.5%。YSC-16、Y53-151、LDC-08-9、Z5-1、B1202、B1213及BY1-13 7个自交系籽粒含水量低、综合农艺性状较好,对培育适应机粒收、高产、多抗杂交种可能有利用价值。相关分析表明,轴粗与收获期籽粒含水量呈显著正相关,且轴粗对籽粒含水量的直接通径系数最大。在3种籽粒类型中,中间粒型籽粒含水量相对较低。选择着籽深、轴细、中间粒型玉米杂交种有助于降低收获期籽粒含水量。

The grain moisture content had a significant effect on quality,storage and processing,especially on mechanical harvest in maize.One hundred and thirty two maize inbred lines were screened for evaluation and correlation analysis of grain moisture content in this study.The results showed that,the grain moisture content ranged from 11.9% to35.7%in maize harvest stage,83 out of 132 inbred lines（62.9%）had grain moisture content lower than 25%,and these inbred lines might be useful for fast dehydration maize hybrid breeding program.All the tested inbred lines were divided into three types using cluster analysis method according to their grain moisture content.TypeⅡincluded 42 inbred lines（31.8%）and these lines had low grain moisture content（11.9%-20.5%）,which might be pivotal to decrease grain moisture content of maize hybrid in maturity stage.Seven out of these 42 lines including YSC-16,Y53-151,LDC-08-9,Z5-1,B1202,B1213 and BY1-13 could be desirable genotypes considering their grain moisture content and superior agronomic characters.Correlation analysis showed there was significantly positive correlation between grain moisture content and cob diameter in maize harvest stage.Among three types of maize grain,the grain with mid-dent kernel type was the lowest in grain moisture content.For selecting maize hybrid with low grain moisture in harvest stage,we should emphasize on genotypes which have thin cob,narrow grain and mid-dent kernel type.