《内经》脾藏象理论及其构建思维方法

Neijing's Viscera-State Theory of Spleen and Its Method of Thinking Construction

[目的]揭示《内经》脾藏象理论发生的内在规律,提升中医对生命、疴疾、健康及其防治的认知思维能力,以更好把握中医学术的继承、发展和创新。[方法]运用中医发生学原理,探讨《内经》脾的生理功能、脾之外象、脾的生理特性,及其发生的社会、文化、哲学背景和构建思维方法。[结果]在天人合一、形神一体、时空一体的整体观念指导下,《内经》借鉴先秦封建官衔制、儒道释传统文化、精气阴阳五行哲学思想,以及对生命的粗浅认识,运用取象比类、司外揣内、中庸和合、中土调平、恒动不息等思维方法,构建了脾藏象理论的基本框架,明确了《内经》脾脏概念是一个抽象的复杂的功能单位,具有整体性、时空性、节律性、周期性和情感性特点,完全不同于西方医学的实体解剖脾脏,充分体现了《内经》"候之所始,道之所生"的生命认知规律。[结论]运用发生学原理,把中医理论回归到它所发生发展的特定历史背景中进行动态、综合地考察,是提升中医理论水平的重要方法和路径之一。

[Objective] Calrify the inherent laws of the appearance of Neijing’s viscera-state theory of spleen, enhancing the cognition of life view of traditional Chinese medicine’s ability. [Methods]Using the genetic methods to discuss the physiological function, physiological characteristics and physiognomy of spleen, as well as social, cultural, philosophical background and method of thinking construction. [Results] Under the guidance of the overall concept and from the pre-Qin rank system, cultural thoughts of Confucianist and Taoists, Yin-Yang five elements philosophy doctrine,by using the analogism methods and observation methods of “ estimating interior by taking charge of exterior” and the opinion of middlebrow and harmony, construct the basic frame of viscera-state theory of spleen.[Conclusion] The genetic method of TCM is an important way to deepen the level of Chinese medicine theory.