高通量测序揭示杭白芍根际真菌群落年际变化

Fungal Interannual Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Paeonia lactiflora by 454 Pyrosequencing

[目的]通过研究杭白芍根际真菌群落年际变化探讨真菌对杭白芍生长的影响。[方法]采用田间实验，收集不同种植年份的白芍根际土壤及非根际土，提取宏基因组DNA，利用真菌引物进行PCR，再利用454焦磷酸测序检测1~4年生杭白芍的根际土真菌多样性和组成。[结果]测序结果表明，杭白芍根际真菌多样性Shannon指数由高到低依次为：2年生＞3年生＞4年生＞1年生。虽然1年生的最低，但多样性并不是逐年递增。无论种植年限如何，杭白芍根际的真菌均由子囊菌、毛霉、担子菌、球囊菌、壶菌、梳霉以及捕虫霉等真菌组成，其中子囊菌占绝对优势，其相对丰度均在71.4%以上，说明子囊菌与白芍的生长关系密切。比较后发现，尽管种植年限不同，但其优势真菌的种类在门、纲、目、科、属等层次都差别不大，说明种植年限对杭白芍根际的影响不大。比较根际与非根际土的差异，说明杭白芍的根际真菌组成主要由物种和土壤因子共同决定，与种植年限无关。[结论]杭白芍根际真菌群落的年际变化不受种植年限影响，其真菌的种类组成主要由杭白芍与土壤因子共同决定。

[Objective]The effect of fungi on the growth of P. lactiflora was detected from annual variation of fungi community in the rhizosphere soil.[Method] Field experiments were carried out to collect rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil of P. lactiflora of different cultivated years, and the macro genomic DNA was extracted, PCR was carried out by fungal primers;Next,fungal diversity and structure of P. lactiflora from 1 to 4 years old in root rhizosphere soil were detected by 454 pyrosequencing technique. [Result]The sequencing results showed that Shannon index of fungal diversity in root rhizosphere soil of P. lactiflora demonstrates the sequence was 2 years old, 3 years old, 4 years old and 1 year old from big difference to small, although the lowest one was 1 year old, the diversity was not increasing year by year. Despite years of planting were different, the rhizosphere fungi of P. lactiflora were composed of Ascomycetes, Mucoromycotina, Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, Chytridiomycota, Kickxellomycotina and Zoopagomycotina, among which the Ascomycetes were the dominant bacteria phylum;And its relative abundance was more than 71.4%, indicating that Ascomycetes was closely related to the growth of P. lactiflora.The results showed that there were no significant differences in the level of phylum, class, order, family, genus and species even though the planting period was different,indicating that the planting years had little effect on the rhizosphere of P. lactiflora. Comparing the difference of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, it was concluded that the rhizosphere fungi composition was determined by the species and soil factors, and had nothing to do with the planting period. [Conclusion] The interannual variation of fungi communities of P. lactiflora on its rhizosphere soil is not affected by the planting years, and fungal diversity and structure are decided by P. lactiflora itself and soil factors.