全株饲用大麦品系筛选及赤霉素对其产量的影响

Whole-crop Forage Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)Strain Screening and the Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Yield

大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)是耐盐、耐寒的优良作物,筛选全株饲用大麦品种(系)进行青刈利用有助于提高盐碱土地利用率、增加春季青绿饲草供应。本研究选用27个常规大麦品系,测定株高、茎粗和叶茎比等农艺性状,并于抽穗期刈割,分别测定产量、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和干物质体外消化率(IVDMD)等饲用品质性状,进行农艺性状与产量、饲用品质性状相关分析,筛选产量高、饲用品质优良的大麦品系;利用6个不同类型品系进行外源赤霉素(GA)的喷施试验,研究GA对全株饲用大麦产量的影响。结果表明:R150,R153,R287,R143,R295适宜整株青饲;分蘖数、茎粗和株高可作为辅助选择适宜整株青饲大麦品系(种)的依据。苗期喷施GA对不同类型大麦品系产量的影响不同,R154、R159、R171的产量显著增加(P<0.05),R195产量增加不显著,R134产量降低。对于R169来说,仅60g·hm^(-2)喷施浓度的处理高于对照。因此应结合大麦品种特点选择适宜的GA喷施时间和浓度。

Barley （Hordeum vulgare L. ） is a good crop variety with high salt-tolerance and col＆resist- ance. Screening barley varieties （lines） as whole-crop forage use would efficiently improve the utilization of saline and alkali land to produce fresh grass in spring, thus promoting herbivorous animal raising. In this study, twenty-seven common barley lines were used to investigate the agronomic traits such as plant height, stem diameter and leaf-stem ratio, and grass yield of whole plant harvested at heading stage, and feeding quality related traits such as nonstructural carbohydrates （WSC）, crude protein （CP）, neutral de- tergent fiber （NDF） and in vitro dry matter digestibility （IVDMD）, and then made a correlation analysis between these traits. Six different barley lines were used to investigate the effects of exogenous gibberellic acid （GA） on grass yield. According to grass yield and feeding quality, the lines that were suitable to use as whole-crop forage were R150, R153, R287, R143 and R295, which had a high grass yield and good feeding quality; the tiller number, stem diameter and plant height could be used as assisted selection traits for whole crop forage barley. The effects of GA on the grass yield were altering for different barley lines： for R154, R159 and R171, spraying GA at seedling stage could significantly increase grass yield, but for R195, the effect was not so significant, and for 134 the grass yield after GA treatment was lower than that of control; while for R169, only spraying 60 g hm-2 GA at seeding stage could increase the grass yield, but other GA treatments decreased grass yield. Therefore, it should be combined with the characteristics of barley varieties to select suitable time and concentration of GA application.