社会心态研究述评:概念、结构与测量

Review on the Research of Social Mentality:Conception,Structure and Measurement

在"社会转型"这一时代背景之下,社会心态研究日益受到政府部门与学术界的广泛关注。社会心态既不是传统汉语中的高频词,也不属于传统的心理学研究领域。哲学、社会学与心理学是社会心态研究的主要研究视角,调查研究、实地研究与文献研究是社会心态的主要研究方法。在社会心态概念操作化过程中,社会认知、社会情绪、社会价值观、社会行为倾向是社会心态的一级指标,但事实上它们不属于同一层面。社会心态的概念界定应从社会态度入手,它是指在一定的社会历史条件下多数人对社会重点问题所持有的积极或消极的态度。按照态度ABC理论,社会心态的一级指标可划分为社会认知、社会情感、社会行为倾向三个方面,二级指标应关注从政治、经济、文化等主要生活领域中抽取的能反映居民社会心态现实状况的重点问题。

Under the background of ＂social transformation＂, researches on social mentality are increas- ingly concerned by government and academia. Social mentality is neither a high frequency word in traditional Chinese nor a traditional research issue in the psychological field. Philosophy, sociology and psychology are the important research perspectives in the study of social mentality. Survey research, field research and document research are the main research methods of social mentality. In the course of concept quantification, social cognition, social emotion, social values and social behavior tendency are the first-class indexes of social mentality, but actually they don＇t belong to the same level. In the term of social attitude, social mentality should be defined as positive or negative attitudes to key social issues held by the majority of people in certain social and historical condition. According to ABC theory of attitude, the first-class indexes of social mentality should include social cognition, social emotion and social behavior tendency. The second-class indexes should be related with key problems in politi- cal, economic and cultural fields, reflecting the status quo of residents＇ social mentality.