资源环境约束下中国城镇化效率时空分析

Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Efficiency Measurement of China's Urbanization under Resource and Environmental Constraints

随着我国城镇化战略的持续推进,城镇化效率问题备受关注。文章运用SBM-Undesirable模型和Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数模型,分别测算了2003—2012年我国城镇化技术效率、全要素生产率变动及其分解情况,并对中国30个省份(另外4个省份数据不全,未列入)的城镇化效率类型进行了分析总结。研究发现:我国城镇化技术效率在时间上表现出逐年递减的趋势,且整体水平不高,在空间上表现为"东西中"的格局特征,城镇化纯技术效率较低是造成我国城镇化技术效率低下的主要原因。我国城镇化全要素生产率变动在时间上表现出"M"型,且大部分年份处于增长状态,在空间上表现出"东中西"的格局特征,城镇化全要素生产率的增长主要得益于城镇化技术的进步。10年来,我国大部分省份的城镇化效率类型表现为城镇化技术效率较低—城镇化全要素生产率变动增长型。在此基础上,从资源利用、环境保护和技术进步方面提出对策建议。

With China＇s urbanization strategy continuing to promote, the efficiency of urbanization has attracted much at-tention. Using SBM-Undesirable model and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index model, this paper measures China＇s technical efficiency of urbanization, growth in total factor Productivity and its decomposition , and urbanization development type is analyzed and summarized from 2003 to 2012. The main results are as follows ： for technical efficiency, the trend is decreasing year by year and the overall level is not high, the spacial structure shows the “east-west-middle” characteristics. The low pure technical efficiency is the main reason causing the low technical efficiency of urbanization. For total factor productivity growth, the trend shows an type in time and most of the year in a growth state, the spacial characteristics presents decreasing from east to west. The growth of total factor productivity mainly due to advances in urbanization technol-ogy. The development type of most provinces is lower technical efficiency, total factor productivity growth in urbanization. On this bas is , we put forward suggestions in terms of resource utilization, environmental protection and technological pro-gress.