精子成熟过程中鞭毛蛋白的变化

Change of Sperm Flagellar Protein during Epididymal Maturation

精子功能成熟是指精子在附睾运行过程中逐渐获得运动和受精的能力。近年来,随着基因敲除和过表达等基因功能研究技术的发展和应用,发现精子鞭毛蛋白的变化与修饰在精子成熟过程中发挥重要作用。例如:在附睾中,精子内3磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)数量增加并结合至鞭毛纤维鞘上,目的是参与糖酵解过程为精子供能;又如,同样结合在纤维鞘上的激酶锚定蛋白4(a kinase anchoring protein 4,AKAP4)在附睾中发生磷酸化,介导鞭毛运动。综述精子鞭毛蛋白的最新研究进展,包括鞭毛蛋白数量、结构和功能的变化,为进一步阐明精子运动、临床弱精子症等生理与病理机制以及阻断精子运动的男性避孕疫苗研发提供参考。

Sperm functional maturation refers to the gradual capacitation of flagellar motility an） fertilization during epididymal transition. Recently, with the development and application of cutting-edge techniques of gene function study such as gene knockout and gene over-expression, the pivotal role of the flagellar protein involved in structure changes and modification during sperm maturation have been revealed. For instance, glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH） significantly increases, and binds to fibrous sheath during epididymal transition, which is involved in glycolysis and energy production. A kinase anchoring protein 4 （AKAP4 ） , aprotein associated with flagellar motility, undergoes phosphorylation in epididymis. Herein, we review the changes of flagellar proteins in quantity, structure and function in order to elucidate the physiological and pathological mechanisms of sperm motility and clinical asthenozoospermia, and to provide a reference for the development of male contraceptive vaccine.