胚胎干细胞及诱导多能干细胞在胚胎毒性研究中的应用

Application Progress of Embryonic Stem Cell and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell in Embryonic Toxicity Test

药物对于生殖细胞或者早期胚胎的影响将会引起不孕或者种植前胚胎的发育异常,进而引起胚胎毒性或者是后代的畸形,因此药物的临床应用需要有可靠的实验数据证明其对胚胎的影响,而胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ESC)由于其无限增殖及多向分化的潜能而作为研究药物胚胎毒性的细胞模型得到广泛应用,以ESC为基础的胚胎干细胞实验(embryonic stem cell test,EST)是获得国际认可的胚胎毒性评价的体外替代方法,但是该实验方法的快速性和准确性存在一定的局限性,目前该细胞模型的研究主要集中于快速性和准确性的优化。新兴的诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,i PSC),由于具有与ESC相似的增殖和分化特性,目前也被逐步应用于药物胚胎毒性的研究。

The effects of chemicals or drugs on germ cells or early embryos may lead to infertility or the impaired development of pre-implantation embryos. Studies showed that this impaired development could result in embryotoxic or teratogenic effects. The reliable data on the potential toxic effect on human embryos is necessary for any new drug before its clinical application. Embryonic stem cell(ESC) is widely used as a cell model in the embryotoxic study due to its unique capacities of self-renewal and differentiation. The embryonic stem cell test(EST) is an in vitro alternative method to evaluate embryotoxicity, which have obtained international recognition.However, EST has its limitations in speedability and sensitivity. The induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSC) with characteristics of proliferation and differentiation, similar to ESC, has gradually been used in the embryonic toxicity test.