超声弹性成像在宫颈疾病的应用进展

Application Progress of Ultrasound Elastography in the Cervical Diseases

超声弹性成像是通过对组织施加压力,组织内部发生相应的改变,收集变形前后组织的超声回波信号,将信息重建后形成弹性图,该概念起源于1991年,近年来成为临床检查中新兴的一项技术。弹性成像分为实时组织弹性成像、瞬时弹性成像技术、声辐射力成像技术、实时剪切波弹性成像和超高速剪切波成像技术。刚开始该技术主要用于诊断与鉴别一些恶性肿瘤,如乳腺、甲状腺、前列腺、肝脏等疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断,后被用于评估宫颈情况,超声弹性成像在宫颈疾病的研究也相继开展。超声是子宫最常用的影像学检查方法,能够实时监测子宫病灶的形态、界限、内部回声情况及其与周边组织关系,并以此来进行综合诊断,近年来超声弹性成像逐渐开始应用于妇产科,尤其在宫颈疾病的诊断方面。

Ultrasonic elastography is an emerging technology in clinical examination, which collects the ultrasonic echo signal of organization before and after the deformation corresponding to additional pressure, and then forms the elastic graph after information reconstruction. The concept of ultrasonic elastography was originated in 1991. Elastography can be divided into: real-time tissue elastography, instantaneous elastic imaging technology,acoustic radiation imaging technique, real time shear wave elastography, and the ultra high speed shear wave imaging technology.This technology is firstly used in diagnosing and identifying some malignant tumor, such as those cancers of mammary gland, thyroid gland, prostate and liver. After that, this technology was used to evaluate cervical status and to study cervical diseases. Ultrasound is the most common imaging method of uterus, which can real-time monitor the form, boundary and internal echo of uterine lesions, and the relationship with the peripheral tissues, and then make a comprehensive diagnosis. The ultrasonic elastography is gradually used in obstetrics and gynecology in recent years, especially in the diagnosis of cervical disease.