高州油茶优树果实性状评价

Analysis and Assessment on the Characters of Fruits from Plus Trees of Camellia gauchowensis

在广东省揭阳市对10个入选高州油茶优良单株(LW1、LW2、LW3、LW4、LW5、3号、5号、6号、10号、12号)果实主要经济性状指标进行测定与分析。结果表明:各单株间果实性状存在差异,其中鲜籽重变异最大,变异系数32.98%;果形指数变异最小,变异系数为4.60%;LW3的鲜果含油率最高,达4.93%。根据各选优指标的均值和标准差确定其选优标准为鲜果出籽率25.0%以上、干出籽率10.0%以上、出仁率40.0%以上,种仁含油率50.0%以上、鲜果含油率3.0%以上。主成分分析表明,鲜果含油率、干籽含油率、鲜籽含油率、出仁率和干出籽率在果实含油率的贡献率为44.423%。根据制定的高州油茶选优标准和主成分分析法,优良单株LW3、6号、LW2在2种方法中均入选,说明这3株优树可以作为最优良的单株进行繁育与测定。研究结果可为油茶的良种选育提供参考。

The economic characters of fruits of 10 selected superior individual of Camellia gauchowensis （ LW1, LW2, LW3, LW4, LW5, No. 3, No. 5, No. 6, No. 10, No. 12 ） were analyzed in Jieyang City, Guangdong Province. The results indicated that, the differ- ences among the clones were significant, fresh seed weight had the biggest variation which reached 32. 98%, and fruit shape index had the least variation which reached 4. 6%. LW3 had the highest weight percentage of oil in fresh fruit,which reached 4. 93%. According to the mean and standard deviation of the selection indicators, the weight rate of fresh seed in fresh fruit more than 25.0%, the weight rate of dry seed in fresh fruit more than 10. 0%, kernel rate more than 40. 0%, the oil content of dry kernel more than 50. 0% , the oil content in fresh fruit more than 3.0%, respectively. The relation between the economic characters was close, and for the variance contribution reached 44. 423%, oil content of fresh fruit, oil content of dry seed, oil content of fresh seed, kernel percent and dry out rate played decisive roles. According to the established selection criterias, and principal component analysis,3 trees were selected as plus trees. They were：LW3, No. 6,LW2, all of them can be used as the best traits for breeding and determination.