约翰逊政府“社区行动计划”的历史考察——兼论美国联邦政府资助公民参与的政策

Historical Examination on the Community Action Program of Johnson Administration——Concurrently on the Issue of Federally Funded Citizen Participation

"社区行动计划"是约翰逊政府"向贫困开战"运动的核心立法,是在美国社会、经济和政治环境发生深刻变化的背景下提出的。该计划旨在通过联邦政府支持贫困人口参与的方式,应对日益严重的城市贫困现象,是联邦社会福利政策和公民参与政策的结合。"社区行动计划"的两个创新——绕过地方政治建制的联邦政府与地方社区的合作以及对贫困人口"最切实可行的参与"的要求——蕴含着内在的调整机制,确保"社区行动计划"支持的公民参与停留在政治社会化的轨道上。

The Community Action Program is the core piece of Johnson Administration＇s War on Poverty legislation emerged from the changing social,economic and domestic and international political environment.The Program is a combination of federal social welfare policy and citizen participation policy aimed at funding the participation of the poor population in community action to combat increasing urban poverty conditions of American.There are two innovative arrangements,bypassing the state and metropolitan political establishments through direct cooperation between federal government and local communities,requiring the maximum feasible participation of the poor into community action,which embodied a dynamics to ensure the citizen participation funded by the Federal government in the tracks of political socialization.