自由意志与道德选择的可能性——西方学者对自由意志探讨的基本倾向

The Probability of Free Will and Moral Choice——Several Paths on Free Will from Western Scholars

自由意志作为人之自由选择行动的基础在西方世界关于道德问题的探讨中具有重要的位置,是否承认自由意志以及在不同意义上理解自由意志使学者们形成不同的道德观点。与奥古斯丁以自由意志统一神圣世界和世俗世界以及康德通过自由意志彰显道德义务的合理性相互区别,以海蒂·瑞文为代表的当代西方学者提出自由意志不过是一种理论假设,其既不具有合理性,也不具有现实性,抛弃了自由意志的理论假设,道德问题才能真正回归其实践论根基。

Free will,as the foundation of free choice action,has an important position in the discussion of moral issues in the western world. Recognize the free will or not, and understand the free will in different sense form different moral views. In comparison with Augustin unified the sacred world and the secular world with the free will and the rationality of the moral obligation through free will,contemporary western scholars represented by Heidi Ravven put forward that free will is just a theoretical hypothesis,which is neither reasonable nor realistic. Only abandoning the hypothesis of free will, moral problems could return to its real practice theory foundation.