自发性组织与制度性组织:中国大学学术共同体的两种样态

Spontaneous Mode and Institutional Mode:Two Modes of Academic Community in Chinese Higher Education

大学学术共同体是以共同的学术旨趣和愿景,遵循学术规则,秉持相同或相似的行为取向而聚合的学者群体。大学学术共同体分为自发性与制度性两种样态:前者是大学学术发展的基础;后者是保障学术正常发展的力量。面对共同体的生存困境,学术共同体应进行自我约制,遵循学术规范,担当学术评价的重任。学校为自发性学术共同体提供"软制度"支持并加强对行政权力与学术权力的制约。

The university academic community is a behavior-oriented academic group that participants have the common research interests share the similar academic perspectives and follow the same rules.The university academic community has two main organizational modes,including the Spontaneous Mode and Institutional Mode.Spontaneous Mode is the fundamental component of promoting academic development in higher education,while the Institutional Mode ensures the academic development.Facing the challenges of persistence,the university academic community should take aggressive action on the following three points,1）self-restraint,2）maintain the rules,and 3）standardize academic evaluation.The universities should support spontaneous academic community and strengthen the constraints to various powers.