基于个体的退休心理模型

Individual-based psychological models of retirement

退休是个体在特定年龄领取养老金的行为及动态过程。退休模型包括退休的影响因素模型、退休过程模型和退休结果模型三类。其中,退休的影响因素模型包括前因变量模型和退休多水平模型,分别从个人-环境和宏观角度提出了影响退休的各类因素;退休过程模型包括退休决策三阶段模型、退休时间过程模型和退休适应动态模型,分别从阶段性、个体差异性和动态性的角度揭示了退休过程的心理特点;退休结果模型分析了退休对个人和组织的影响。退休四阶段模型是在西方模型的基础上结合中国国情提出的一个整合模型。未来研究应丰富研究对象的类型、揭示影响退休的心理学变量的作用机制、加强应用性并进行本土化研究。

Retirement is a multi-phased dynamic process whereby retirees draw pensions at a specific age. There are three types of retirement models, viz., the Antecedent Model, the Process Model and the Outcome Model. The Antecedent Model of Retirement includes Classic Antecedent Model of Retirement and Multilevel-model of Retirement, which address antecedents of retirement respectively in individual- environment and macroscopic views. The Process Model of Retirement involves the Three-Phase Model of Retirement Decision-Making, the Temporal Process Model of Retirement and the Resource-based Dynamic Model for Retirement Adjustment; they reveal the process of retirement from the perspectives of the phasing, individuality and dynamics of retirement. The Outcome Model of Retirement explores the effect of retirement on individuals and organizations. In addition, the Four-Phase Model for Retirement is an integrated model based on Western models and in the light of China＇s reality. It is suggested that future studies in this field focus on increasing the diversity of objects, revealing the functioning mechanism of psychological variables that affect retirement, improving the applicability, and facilitating the indigenization of the latest study.