合同视角下的专利默示许可研究——以美中两国的司法实践为考察对象

Research on Patent Implied License under the Contract Perspective——Taking the judicial practice of the United States and China as the object of investigation

从发生原因上讲,专利默示许可包括基于产品销售、合同关系和其他交往关系产生的默示许可三种基本形式。专利默示许可的理论基础,在英美法上主要基于其禁止反言理论,在大陆法上则是基于诚实信用原则。专利默示许可,究其本质是专利权人和专利技术使用人之间的一种合同关系,而非侵权关系。专利默示许可是合同法上事实合同的一种表现形式,其成就应当具备事实合同成立的一般条件。我国司法机关有关专利默示许可的实践探索,既有成功的一面,也有有待完善的不足之处。从制度构建上讲,专利默示许可应当建筑在专利法的诚实信用原则之上,同时在具体规则上保持其案例法的本色。

From the cause of the occurrence for the patent implied license,there are three basic forms of implied license based on product sales,contractual relations and other relationships.The theoretical basis of patent implied license terms is the estoppel theory in common law and the principle of honesty and credit in civil law.The essence of the patent implied license is a kind of contractual relationship between the patent owner and patent technology users,but not the infringement.Patent implied license is a kind of expression form of factual contract in contract law,and its establishment shall have the general conditions for the establishment of factual contract.The practice and exploration of the patent implied license in our country＇s judicial organs,not only has the successful side but also has the shortcomings to be improved.From the system construction,the patent implied license should be built on the principle of good faith in the Patent Law,while its specific rules should be maintained the true nature of the case law.