四元教学设计模式(下)——综合学习环境中的多媒体学习原则

Four-Component Instructional Design Model( Ⅱ ):Multimedia Principles in Environments for Complex Learning

四元教学设计(4C/ID)模式认为要实现综合学习需要借助学习任务、相关知能、支持程序和专项操练等因素。本文探讨了如何运用这一模式设计多媒体学习环境及相关的22条多媒体原则。支持程序这一成分的主要目的是通过知识编辑达到图式熟练,建议采用双向通道、时间临近、空间临近、提示结构和意义切块等原则。专项操练这一成分的目的是通过强化来达到图式熟练,这可以借助成分流畅原则。教学控制旨在为每一位学习者建立最优的学习通道,主要的多媒体原则涉及个别对待、辅助支架和发展档案等。

The Four-Component Instructional Design（4C/ID） model claims that realizing complex learning needs an accomplishment of the four components,such as Learning tasks,Supportive information,Procedural information and Part-task practice.This chapter discusses the use of the model to design multimedia learning environments and twenty-two relevant multimedia principles.The main purpose of the Procedural information is to achieve a skilled effect of schema through knowledge compilation.It is recommended to use principles such as modality, temporal split-attention,spatial splitattention,signaling,segmentation and other principles. The main purpose of the Part-task practice is to achieve a skilled effect of schema through strengthening that can be with the help of the ＂component-fluency principle＂.Instructional control aims at setting up an optimal learning channel for learners.The major multimedia principles involve in principles such as individualization,second-order scaffolding and development portfolio and etc.