德国小蠊及美洲大蠊对杀虫剂的抗性研究

Study on the resistance of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana to insecticides in Taiwan

目的测定台湾地区德国小蠊及美洲大蠊对10种杀虫剂的抗性,为其化学防治提供参考。方法以局部滴定法检测高雄大学实验室敏感性品系蟑螂、2个台湾北部、1个台湾中部及2个台湾南部地区共5个野外品系蟑螂对10种杀虫剂(有效成分氯氰菊酯、胺菊酯、氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯、毒死蜱、杀螟硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷、残杀威、氟虫腈及吡虫啉)的抗性,计算其抗药性比值,判定其抗药性程度,并以高雄大学实验室敏感性品系蟑螂LD99的2倍剂量建立区分剂量;再以区分剂量采用局部滴定法检测高雄市区5处野外品系(大寮区、小港区、鼓山区、冈山区及三民区品系)的德国小蠊及美洲大蠊的抗药性。结果发现采集自台湾南部地区的德国小蠊对溴氰菊酯呈现中度抗性,各品系德国小蠊对其余9种杀虫剂均呈现低度抗性;采集自台湾地区的美洲大蠊对10种检测的杀虫剂皆呈现低度抗性;以建立区分剂量检测结果,高雄市区5处野外品系的德国小蠊及美洲大蠊对氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱及杀螟硫磷,皆未呈现抗性,但小港区及冈山区品系德国小蠊、大寮区及三民区品系美洲大蠊对氯菊酯呈现抗性;冈山区品系德国小蠊及鼓山区品系美洲大蠊对溴氰菊酯亦呈现抗性。结论德国小蠊同时对氯菊酯及溴氰菊酯杀虫剂呈现抗性,显示有交互抗性呈现。

Objective To test the resistance of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana to 10 kinds of insecticides,which were common in Taiwan, and provide reference for chemical control. Methods Cypermethrin, tetramethrin, permethrin, dehamethrin, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, pirimiphos-methyl, propoxur, fipronil and imidacloprid were tested to the laboratory susceptible strains and 5 field strains collected from Taiwan （2 northern areas, 1 middle area and 2 southern areas ） of B. germanica and P. Americana by topical application. According these results of laboratory susceptible strains, resistance ratio （RR） and the discrimination dose （two times of LD99 ） of each tested insecticides were established. In addition, the topical application tests were conducted to examine the insecticide resistance of cockroaches of 5 field strains collected from traditional markets in Kaohsiung area （ Daliao District, Siaogang District, Gushan District, Gangshan and Sanmin District） by discrimination dose. Results B. germanica from collecting study sites in southern areas （Kaohsiung areas） were median resistant to dehamethrin, but another 4 strains showed low resistance to other 9 kinds of insecticides. P. periplaneta from all study sites in Taiwan, were low resistant to 10 kinds of tested insecticides. The roaches of 5 field strains （Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana） collecting from Kaohsiung area, all were not resistant to permethrin, chlopyrifos, fenitrothion by discrimination dose. However,B. germanica（ Siaogang District and Gangshan District strains） in Kaohsiung area and P. antericana （ Daliao District and Sanmin District strains ） were resistant to pennethrin. B. germanica （ Gangshan District strain） and P. americana （Gushan District stain ） were resistant to dehamethrin. Conclusion Blattella germanica were resistant to both permethrin and dehamethrin,it showed cross resistance in Kaohsiung areas.