广州市城区居民蔬菜水果消费现状

Status of vegetables and fruits consumption among urban residents in Guangzhou City

目的了解广州市城区居民蔬菜水果消费现状,为开展科学高效的营养教育和营养干预工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层与人口成比例整群随机抽样的方法,于2011年1月—2012年4月选取天河区160户家庭的503人进行连续3 d24 h膳食调查,对108户328人进行食物频率法问卷调查。结果广州市城区居民平均每标准人日蔬菜摄入量为384.4 g(深色蔬菜为172.4 g,浅色蔬菜为212.0 g),符合膳食指南推荐量要求,但深色蔬菜摄入量不及蔬菜摄入总量的1/2。平均每标准人日水果摄入量为86.2 g,远不足指南推荐量;84.5%的居民摄入量低于推荐摄入量。82.0%的居民每天摄入蔬菜,以叶类蔬菜居多;36.9%的居民每天摄入水果,以仁果类和柑橘类为主;大多居民水果消费频次少于1次/周。秩和检验显示,不同年龄居民蔬菜摄入量差异有统计学意义(≥60岁最高,1~6岁最低)(χ~2=39.293,P<0.01);低收入家庭深色蔬菜摄入量显著低于其他收入家庭(χ~2=18.000,P<0.01);水果摄入量随家庭收入升高而增加(χ~2=6.475,P<0.05),女性水果摄入量显著高于男性(Mann-Whitney U=27 336.0,P<0.05)。结论当前广州市城区居民蔬菜摄入结构不合理,水果摄入严重不足。在开展营养教育和营养干预时需考虑性别、年龄和家庭收入的影响,进而有效促进合理膳食。

[Objective]To know the status of vegetables and fruits consumption among urban residents in Guangzhou City,provide scientific evidence for carrying out the effective nutrition education and interventions.[Methods]By using the multistage stratified sampling and population proportional cluster random sampling,503 people were collected from 160 households in Tianhe District to receive the 24-hour dietary survey for 3 consecutive days and 328 people were collected from 108 households to receive the food frequency questionnaire survey from January 2011 to April 2012. [Results] The average daily intake of vegetables among Guangzhou urban residents was 384.4 grams（including green-yellow vegetable 172.4 grams and light-colored vegetable 212.0 grams）,which reached the recommended intake,however,the green-yellow vegetable intake was less than half of the total vegetables intake. The average daily intake of fruits was 86.2 grams,which was far lower than the recommended intake,and 84.5%of the residents＇ fruits intake was below the recommended intake. 82.0% of the residents ate vegetables everyday,which were dominated by leafy vegetables. Only 36.9% of the residents ate fruits everyday,which were mainly kernel fruits and citrus. Most of the residents ate fruits less than once a week. Rank sum test indicated that the difference in vegetable intake was statistically significant among different age groups,which the over 60 year-old age group had the highest vegetable intake and 1-6 year-old age group had the lowest intake（χ~2=39.293,P 0.01）. The intake of green-yellow vegetables in low-income families was significantly lower than that in other income families（χ^2 =18.000,P 0.01）. The intake of fruits increased with the rise of family income（χ^2=6.475,P〈0.05）. The intake of fruits in females was significantly higher than that in males（Mann-Whitney U=27 336.0,P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]The structure of vegetable intake among Guangzhou urban residents is unreasonable,and the amount of fruit intake is seriously inadequate. The nutrition education and interventions should be carried out according to the gender,age and family incomes,so as to promote nutritionally balanced diets.