2005—2014年海门市结核病监测结果分析

Analysis on monitoring results of tuberculosis in Haimen City from 2005-2014

目的通过了解海门市结核病流行特征和影响因素,为制定防制策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对海门市2005—2014年结核病监测结果进行分析。结果 2005—2014年海门市活动性肺结核和涂阳肺结核年平均新登记率分别为61.20/10万和29.44/10万,活动性肺结核和涂阳肺结核新登记率均无明显下降趋势(χ~2_(趋势)=1.397,P=0.237;χ~2_(趋势)=0.040,P=0.841)。2005—2014年结核病年平均死亡率3.23/10万,结核病死亡率无明显下降趋势(χ~2_(趋势)=0.103,P=0.749)。结核病死因顺位位于11~13位,在传染病中的死因顺位位于1至2位。2005—2014年男性活动性肺结核新登记率、涂阳肺结核新登记率均高于女性(χ~2=1 304.53,P<0.01;χ~2=737.49,P<0.01)。活动性肺结核患者、涂阳肺结核患者年龄分布均以55~64和65~74岁年龄组占比较高。2005—2014年新登记涂阳肺结核患者总治愈率92.0%,初治涂阳患者治愈率高于复治涂阳患者治愈率(χ~2=29.50,P<0.01)。结论海门市通过推广实施现代结核病控制(DOTS)策略,结核病的疫情得到有效控制,但肺结核流行趋势依然严重,应加强对结核病的归口管理,强化结核病防治宣传和培训,提高DOTS实施质量。

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of tuberculosis in Haimen City,provide basis for developing the prevention and control strategy. [Methods]Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the monitoring results of tuberculosis in Haimen City from 2005-2014. [Results]From 2005-2014,average annual newly registration rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis and smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was 61.20/lakh and 29.44/lakh respectively in Haimen City,which both were not significantly decreased（χ^2trend=1.397,P =0.237;χ^2trend=0.040,P =0.841）. The average annual mortality rate of tuberculosis was 3.23/lakh from 2005-2014,which was not significantly decreased（χ^2trend=0.103,P=0.749）. Tuberculosis was the 11 st to 13 rd cause of death,and it was the first or second leading cause of death among infectious diseases. During 2005-2014, the newly registration rates of active pulmonary tuberculosis and smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in males were higher than those in females（χ^2 =1 304.53,P〈0.01;χ^2 =737.49,P〈0.01）. The patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were mainly elderly people aged 55-64 and 65-74 years old.From 2005-2014,the total cure rate of newly registered smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 92.0%,and the cure rate of initial smear-positive patients was higher than that of the re-treatment smear-positive patients（χ^2 =29.50,P〈0.01）.[Conclusion] Through promotion and implementation of modern TB control strategy（DOTS）,the epidemic situation of tuberculosis has been effectively controlled in Haimen City,but the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis is still serious. It is necessary to strengthen the centralized management of tuberculosis,improve the publicity and training of tuberculosis prevention and control,and enhance the quality of DOTS implementation.