细菌性痢疾研究现状

Current status of research on bacterial dysentery

细菌性痢疾简称菌痢,是由痢疾杆菌引起的多发性肠道传染病,菌痢职业分布以农民、散居儿童、学生和家务待业人员发病为主。仅有近2/3患儿有脓血便,有近1/3大便表现为稀水样或糊样,因此临床上不能单纯依靠有无脓血便作为诊断细菌性痢疾的标准,应尽早做大便培养以明确,以减少漏诊。有关文献报道采用自回归求和移动平均(ARIMA)模型,兼顾季节性和周期性因素对平稳性造成的影响,预测结果也比较好。志贺菌对抗生素耐药日趋严重,多重耐药的比例逐年上升。在学校、工地等集体单位通过饮食、饮水引起疫情暴发。近年来,由于抗生素滥用,细菌的耐药菌株不断增加,选择合适、敏感的抗生素对缩短病程,控制传染源,减少慢性菌痢发生均有重要意义。笔者对细菌性痢疾研究现状做一简样综述。

Bacillary dysentery is the multiple intestinal infectious diseases caused by Dysentery bacillus,and the occupations of patients with bacillary dysentery concentrate mainly on farmers,scattered children students and unemployed people. Only 2/3 of child patients have pus and blood stool,and nearly 1/3 appear as watery or paste stool. Therefore,the clinical diagnosis of bacillary dysentery cannot simply rely on whether there is pus and blood stool. It is necessary to take the stool culture as soon as possible to reduce the misdiagnosis. The relevant documents have reported that ARIMA model can give consideration to the influence of seasonal and cyclical factors on stationarity,with good prediction results. The antibiotic resistance of Shigella is becoming more and more serious,and the proportion of multiple drug resistance is increasing year by year. Through diet and drinking water,the outbreaks have occurred in collective units such as schools and construction sites. In recent years,drug resistant strains of bacteria are increasing due to overuse of antibiotics. To select appropriate and sensitive antibiotics has important significance to shorten the course,control the source of infection and reduce the incidence of chronic bacillary dysentery. The authors make a brief overview on research status of bacterial dysentery.