日本文化法治及其对中国的启示

The Development of Japanese Cultural Rule of Law and Its Significance to China

当代日本文化法治最早可以追溯到明治维新时期。随着西方法律的移植,当代意义的"文化"以及"法治"的概念进入日本,日本从此开始了文化行政的有限建构。第二次世界大战至今,文化权在日本上升为宪法所保护的基本权利,日本也由此发展了比较成熟和完备的文化法治体系。与日本相似,中国的文化法治也起始于19世纪末,但是中国比日本经历了更多的历史曲折。时至今日,中国文化法治体系当前在立法、行政、司法等不同层次都存在一定的问题,不仅文化立法体制尚有待完善,而且文化领域政策法治化及依法行政尚需健全。要实现文化法治,中国必须同时完善文化领域的立法、行政与司法体制,让宪法保障的公民权利真正落到实处。

In Asia,Japan was the forerunner of cultural rule of law. Since the Meiji Reformation,Japan has been developing and improving its cultural legal system. On the basis of its mature and developed cultural legal system,Japanese cultural industry has achieved sustained growth. Japan＇s contemporary cultural legal system can be traced back to the Meiji era,when the modern conceptions of culture and rule of law were introduced to Japan. Since then,Japan has embarked on the limited construction of its cultural administration.Since WWII,its cultural right has been elevated to the level of fundamental rights protected by the Japanese Constitution,according to which Japan is able to develop a mature cultural legal system. This article is intended to analyze the historical development of Japanese cultural legal system,summarize its main contents and characteristics,and elaborate on the experiences of Japanese cultural rule of law and its significance to contemporary China.