梁启超的《和文汉读法》及其对清末民初思想界的影响

Liang Qichao's Learning Japanese through Chinese and Its Influence on the Intellectual Circle in Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

作为一代启蒙思想家,梁启超身处近代中国特定的历史环境中,其"求新知于域外"的主要途径是利用"和文汉读法"大量阅读日文论著和译著,以了解、吸收和译介近代欧美及日本的思想观念,并写下了《和文汉读法》一书。该书不仅总结了以往中国人学习、研究日语的经验和成果,对此后日语教科书的编写及发展起到了承前启后的作用,而且启发并带动了大批留日学生和青年学子以梁启超为榜样,通过翻译日文书来导入、传播近代西方及日本的新知识、新思想和新观念,积极开展启蒙宣传活动,从而对清末民初思想界产生了巨大的冲击力。

As a great enlightenment thinker, Liang Qichao lived in the specific historical period of modern China. His main approach of pursuing knowledge from abroad was reading a large number of Japanese treatises and translations by means of ＂learning Japanese through Chinese. ＂ He comprehended, absorbed and translated numerous modern European and Japanese ideological concepts in this way, and wrote the book Learning Japanese through Chinese. This book not only summarized the previous experienee of studying Japanese, enlightening the compilation and development of subsequent Japanese Language learning textbooks, but also inspired and pushed many Chinese students in Japan and at home to follow his example. They introduced and spread new knowledge of the modern West and Japan through translating Japanese books, and also actively carried out enlightening puhlicity, which made a strong impact on the circle of intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It is undeniable that there were several huge flaws in ＂Learning Japanese through Chinese,＂ and Liang Qichao also had some deficiencies in his mastery of Japanese. As a result, his comprehension, translation and promotion of certain thoughts and theories of modern Europe, America and Japan had some problems in accuracy and depth. Wang Guowei once offered severe criticism upon this. Liang Qichao himself also had deep reflections in his later years. Even in 1930s, when Hu Shi planned to organize several scholars to translate a series of foreign classics, he particularly emphasized the systematicness and accuracy of translation. Nevertheless, when we placed Liang Qichao＇s Learning Japanese through Chinese and his activities of translation in the specific historical environment and background of modern China, the significance and influence were mainly positive. Scholars like Huang Zunxian and Yan Fu spoke highly of Liang Qiehao＇s activities of translation and writing. His writings, which were full of Japanese factors, also deeply influenced celebrities like Mao Zedong, Lu Xun and Guo Moruo in their youth.