仿写与改写:被误读的苏联无产阶级文化派

Imitation and Rewriting:Misreading of the Russian Proletarian Culture School

"十月革命"前后,无产阶级文化派一度把持苏联文坛,但因部分主张违背了马克思主义文艺的基本原则,且与苏维埃政权在文化领导权上发生争执,最终走向衰落。然而茅盾却误将无产阶级文化派视作苏联文艺政策的执行者而盲目崇奉。这对此后中国左翼文艺的发展产生了一些负面影响。但在看似机械刻板的照搬、仿写中,早期译介者对无产阶级文化派也进行了程度不同的改写,曲隐表达了个人体认和本土语境要求。茅盾仿照波格丹诺夫《无产阶级的艺术批评》而完成的《论无产阶级艺术》,就在一系列的细微"误读"中显示出某种本土转化的努力,尽管其中仍有不少误区。

The proletarian culture school once held Soviet literature for long time, but it declined finally because of the violation of Marxism and the disputation with the Soviet regime. However, Mao Dun mistakenly regarded it as the executor of Russian literature policy, which had some negative effects on the development of the Chinese Left-wing Literature. But early translators also had some rewriting based on the personal recognition and local context requirements. Mao Dun＇ s article On Proletarian Art, which imitates Bogdanov＇s Art Criticism of Proletariat had showed some local transformation in a series of minor ＂misreadings＂ , even though it contains quite a lot of mistakes.