“一带一路”的战略方向与实践路径:中美的比较

Strategic Direction and Practice Approach of the "One Belt,One Road" Initiative: a Comparison between China and the US

美国2011年提出的"新丝绸之路"倡议和中国2013年正式提出的"一带一路"倡议是推进两国地区性战略实施的标志性方案,在战略实施对象和战略内容上具有一定的相似性。但是,由于中美两国对上述战略的设想不同,所期解决的战略问题不同,所以两国的倡议在战略目标与实践路径上存在较大差异。美国的"丝绸之路倡议"更具有"外生"性质,其试图通过扶持印度势力增长,促进中亚、阿富汗及南亚等地区的经济联系和同步增长,从而保障上述地区长治久安,同时遏制中国、俄罗斯等大国复兴战略的实施。相比之下,中国"一带一路"倡议具有"内生"性质特征,具体表现为在基于更为开放式的理念下,以实现中国与周边国家的共同发展为目标,以经济手段为主要战略实施手段促进中国与周边国家经济均衡增长。从具体实施路径而言,美国主要从市场需求角度实施其丝绸之路战略,在战略实施中侧重于解决上述国家与地区市场需求方面的问题,而中国则更多地从市场供给角度出发,侧重于通过改善当地经济增长条件推动经济发展。

The ' New Silk Road Strategy'( NSRS) launched by the US in 2011 and the ' One Belt,One Road'( OBOR) initiative proposed by China in 2013 are landmark programs to promote the implementation of regional strategies in both countries and have some similarity to each other in terms of strategic objects for implementation and strategic contents. However,due to different strategic visions and different strategic issues expected to be addressed,there is a big difference between the two countries in strategic goals and implementation approaches. The NSRS seems to have more ' exogenous' nature. This program seeks to assist India's strength to grow and to promote economic links and synchronized economic growth among Central Asia,Afghanistan and South Asia so as to safeguard peace and stability in the regions while at the same time coercing China and Russia in their implementation of revitalization strategies. In comparison with the NSRS,China 's OBOR initiative has ' endogenous' nature embodied in a more open concept,the purpose of which is to achieve mutual development between China and neighboring countries and promote balanced economic growth between China and neighboring countries by economic means as a major strategic means. As far as implementation approach is concerned,the US lays more emphasis on solving the problems in market demand in the above- mentioned countries and regions from a market demand perspective while China places emphasis on boosting economic development by improving the economic conditions of the countries along the OBOR more from a market supply perspective.