“不可推导性”作为标准的虚妄:兼评“修辞构式观”

The Chimera of Regarding Unpredictability as Standard:Concurrenty Commenting on Rhetorical Construction

"不可推导性"作为构式的判别标准早就受到了质疑,它作为刘文"修辞构式"的判别标尺仍存在问题。首先对传统的"不可推导性"和"语法构式"这两个术语分别作一概览,认为语言中所有的构式都是构式化的结果,都是"语法构式"。"修辞构式"可定义为"语言使用的修辞格表达式,以及可推导性不强的有标记语言表达式",包括纯粹修辞的构式、半修辞和非修辞的构式,和无标记构式(即"语法构式")一起构成构式语法研究的统一体、连续体。认为"不可推导性"不能成为"修辞构式"判别标尺的因素,一是因为刘文对"语法构式"界定的不明确性,二是因为这种"不可推导性"的"可推翻性",即通过一定的语用推理,这种"不可推导性"就蜕变为反面即"可推导性"。认知语言学、修辞学和语用学可以以构式研究为契机,有合有分,互补互利。

Backgrounded by a debate on the possibility of unpredictability being the necessary condition for a construction, unpredictability remains problematic, when it comes to ＂rhetorical construction＂ （RC） in Dawei Liu （2010a, b）. This study, based on its own views on ＂unpredictability＂ and ＂grammatical construction＂ （GC）, maintains that all constructions as a result of constructionalization fall in the category of GC. RC can be redefined as ＂linguistic expressions of rhetorical devices and marked linguistic expressions with low predictability＂, ranging from purely rhetorical, semi-rhetorical to non-rhetorical construc- tions. RC and GC constitute a CG unity and continuity. Two factors disable unpredictability to be a valid criterion ： Liu＇ s indefi- niteness in delimiting ＂grammatical construction＂ and cancellability of unpredictability, giving way to inference-based predicta- bility. Cognitive linguistics, rhetoric and pragmatics can, via construction studies, prosper and benefit from each other＇ s uniform yet diverse approaches.