用白人的语言书写印第安人的篇章——从功能视角解读《美国印第安人的故事》

Speaking Dakota in English——A Functional Study of American Indian Stories

近年来,美国印第安文学研究在国内取得很大的发展,但是,研究重点基本围绕着印第安文艺复兴时期以及在此之后成名的作家。本文从功能视角对早期美国印第安作家滋特卡拉莎的代表作《美国印第安人的故事》进行解读。这部作品不仅是为了赢得了主流社会读者的支持,更重要的是,作者用白人的文字书写了土著人的故事,捍卫了印第安文化遗产。通过元功能层面的分析可以看出,这部自传体故事超越了西方传统的"自我创作",它已成为"印第安化"的"自我再创作"。

The study of American Indian Literature has witnessed a great development recently in China. The primary focus of the study, however, is basically put on the writers who emerged during and after the Indian Renaissance. To expand the hori- zon of the study, this article intends to make an in-depth analysis of American Indian Stories, written by an early American In- dian writer, Zitkala-Sa. The author argues that this work, written in English, is not simply created for American mainstream audience; more importantly, it is a story of Native Americans and a demonstration of Indian cuhural heritage. A study from three perspectives, namely ideational, interpersonal and textual meta-functions, leads to a conclusion that this autobiographic work goes beyond the Western tradition of ＂self creation＂; rather, it is an ＂Indianized＂ self re-creation.