国际研发资本技术溢出对中国绿色创新效率的空间效应

The Spatial Effect of International R&D Capital Technology Spillovers on the Efficiency of China's Green Technology Innovation

本文结合跨国研发投入、跨国技术转移、FDI、OFDI、贸易进口等多渠道国际研发资本技术溢出的空间效应,将线性结构的Coe-Helpman模型在空间维度拓展为非线性结构形式,构建了国际研发资本技术溢出的空间计量模型。在此基础上,运用中国省级面板数据实证分析国际研发资本技术溢出对中国绿色技术创新效率的影响,并对国际研发资本技术溢出的首次溢出、二次溢出效应进行分解,结果显示:(1)国际研发资本技术溢出模型存在显著的空间交互性效应,其空间效应不仅与被解释变量(绿色技术创新效率)相关,还与解释变量(各渠道的国际研发资本技术溢出)的空间关联效应相关,忽略空间效应的线性Coe-Helpman模型高估了国际研发资本技术溢出对绿色技术创新效率的影响。(2)国际研发资本比国内研发资本更好地促进了中国绿色技术创新效率,国际研发资本各渠道技术溢出效应有所不同,具体表现为:跨国研发投入、FDI研发资本、贸易进口三个渠道的研发资本技术溢出不仅促进了本区域绿色技术创新效率,二次溢出还促进了其他区域的效率,且二次溢出效应大于首次溢出。跨国技术转移首次溢出对本区域绿色技术进步产生了较为明显的促进作用,但二次溢出阻碍了其他区域绿色技术创新效率的提升。OFDI研发资本对国内投资产生了挤出效应,阻碍了绿色技术创新效率的提升。(3)国内研发资本阻碍了绿色技术创新效率的提高,说明中国企业绿色技术产业处于调整期,产业研发资本投入存在结构失衡、效率不高等问题。

In the face of increasingly serious environmental problems, countries all over the world are actively promoting the development of green economy in order to seek solutions. At present, there is a huge gap of green technological innovation capability between China and the developed countries. Most of the green technological in- novation of enterprises is induced by external resources or pressure. If China pays more attention to the optimization of technological path in the process of international transfer and diffusion of green technology, it is possible to alle- viate this dilemma. Economists have noted the relationship between international R＆D capital technology spillovers and technologi- cal progress long ago, and the issue was studied from different perspectives and angles. This paper summarizes and analyzes the relevant literatures and finds that： Firstly, the research on the channel of international R＆D capital spillovers is lack of system, most of which only focus on a certain one or two path or directly measure the level of international R＆D capital spillovers by FDI and international trade. Secondly, the research on the relationship be- tween international R＆D capital technology spillovers and green technology innovation efficiency from the perspec- tive of space is scarce. Thirdly, few scholars use China as a case to study the relationship between international R＆D capital technology spillovers and green technology innovation efficiency. Compared with the previous studies, this paper has broadened in the following aspects ： （ 1 ） Based on the Coe and Helpman＇ s International R＆D capital technology spillovers model （Hereinafter referred to as C--H model）, this paper divided the international R＆D capital technology spillovers into direct and indirect channels, among which direct channels include multinational R＆D investment and national technology transfer, indirect channels in- clude FDI, OFDI and import trade. And this paper has recalculated the international R＆D capital technology spillo- vers value of each channel. （2）Then this paper incorporated the spatial interactions into the C--H model of linear structure and expanded the C--H model of linear structure form to nonlinear structure in the spatial dimension, in- corporated all channels into C--H model and built the spatial econometric model of international R＆D capital tech- nology spillovers. On this foundation, this paper used provincial panel data to empirically analyze the impact of in- ternational R＆D capital spillovers on the efficiency of green technology innovation in china, and divided the spatial effect of international R＆D capital of each channel into the first and the second spillover effects. The results show that ： （ 1 ） The C--H model has significant spatial interaction effect, which is not only reflected in the explanatory variables （the efficiency of green technology innovation） , but also in the spatial correlation effect of explanatory variables （ the international R＆D capital technology spillovers of each channel）. The linear C--H model overestimates the effect of international R＆D capital spillovers on the efficiency of green technology innova- tion. （2）Overall, compared to domestic R＆D capital, the international R＆D capital promotes the efficiency of China＇s green technology innovation better. The spatial effects of various international R＆D capital technology spill- over channels are different. Transnational R＆D investment, FDI R＆D capital and import trade R＆D capital tech- nology spillovers not only promotes the local green technological innovation efficiency, but the second technology spillovers also promoted the green technology innovation efficiency in other regions, and the spatial effect of the sec- ond - time spillover is greater than the first one. Transnational technology transfer has a positive effect on the green technology innovation efficiency in the first time, but it has a negative impact on the region which is similar in the distance and the level of economic development. OFDI R＆D capital has a crowding - out effect on domestic invest- ment, which hinders the improvement of green technology innovation efficiency. （3） China＇s domestic R＆D invest- ment has not improved the efficiency of green technology innovation. There are many problems in China＇s industrial technology investment, such as structural imbalance, low efficiency and so on.