跨界搜寻、双元能力结构与绩效的关系研究——基于创新能力结构视角

The Research on the Relationship among Boundary-spanning Search,Ambidexterity Capacity Structure and Organizational Performance Based on the Perspective of Innovation Capability Structure

探索与开发是优化组织创新能力结构的基本活动,现有研究多关注双元能力结构对绩效的影响效果,对二元张力协调机制的研究多集中于理论层面,尤其缺乏双元能力结构关系的前因探索与实证研究。基于创新能力结构视角,本文构建了跨界搜寻影响双元能力结构与绩效的协调机制,并以浙江、广东、山东地区的338个制造业企业样本,探讨了基于组织—技术维度的跨界搜寻对双元能力结构的影响,以及双元能力平衡与互动对企业财务与创新绩效的作用效果。研究表明,跨界搜寻是协调双元能力结构的关键举措,科技驱动型跨界搜寻对双元能力平衡与互动均有显著的正向影响,产品技术、共性技术导向跨界搜寻分别对双元能力平衡、互动产生显著的正向影响;双元能力平衡与互动关系均对创新绩效具有显著的正向影响,但双元能力平衡却对财务绩效存在显著的负向影响。同时,双元能力平衡在科技驱动型跨界搜寻与企业绩效之间起部分或完全中介作用,双元能力互动分别在科技驱动型、共性技术导向跨界搜寻与创新绩效关系中起部分和完全中介作用。研究结论拓展了双元能力结构的协调机制与研究视角,丰富了中国情境下组织双元性领域的实证研究。

According to the ＂Made in China 2025＂ plan, the strategy of innovation-driven development is the inevitable course for latecomer firms to optimize the innovation capability structure and consolidate the innovation subject status, which also requires the ambidexterity capacity to exploit the existing products and explore the poten- tial technique. However, the construction elements, such as knowledge base and innovative culture, are mainly vari- ous. So the relationship between exploration and exploitation are usually tense, which not only causes the disordered competition of the limited resources, but also confronts the trade-offs paradox. Therefore, how to integrate the internal and external innovation resources, and improve the structure of the ambidexterity capacity, becomes the important is- sue for enterprise managers. Although exploration and exploitation are the fundamental activities to optimize the organizational innovation capability structure, the previous studies focused on the influence of ambidexterity capacity structure on firm per- formance, but the coordination mechanism of dual tension are only discussed theoretically, especially lack of the an- tecedents and empirical research about the ambidexterity capacity structure relationship. The independent innovation ability of the Chinese enterprise is generally weak due to the OEM and ODM economic pattern, and collaborative innovation becomes the essential and efficient opportunity in the open innovation era. Naturally, the boundary-span- ning search turns into the logical starting point to identify and absorb the external knowledge. However, whether the boundary-spanning search can coordinate the tension from the ambidexterity capacity, and whether the balance or interplay structure can improve the corporate performance, none scholars have systematically answer either question. Based on the innovation capability structure perspective, the research divides the search boundary into techno- logical and organizational dimensions, which further include science ＆ technology-driven and market-driven bounda- ry-spanning search, generic and product technology-oriented boundary-spanning search. The structure of ambidexter- ity capacity has two kinds of condition：the balance and interplay relationship. This study constructs the mechanism among boundary-spanning search, ambidexterity capacity structure and enterprise performance, which also discusses the influence of the boundary-spanning search on the ambidexterity capacity structure from the organization-technol- ogy dimension, and analyzes the effect of the balance and interplay relationship on corporate finance and innovation performance using 338 samples from Guangdong, Shandong and Zhejiang provinces. The main results show that the boundary-spanning search is an important way to coordinate the structure of ex- ploratory and exploitative capability,while the science ＆ technology-driven and product technology-oriented bounda- ry-spanning search are conducive to promote the balance relationship, and the science ＆ technology-driven and ge- netic technology-oriented boundary-spanning search have significant positive effect on the ambidexterity interac- tion. There exists a significant positive impact of the ambidexterity balance and interaction relations on innovative performance ,while the pursuit of the ambidexterity balance will produce negative effect on corporate financial per- formanee. The ambidexterity balance plays a complete and partial intermediary role on the technology-driven bound- ary-spanning search and corporate performance, and the interplay relationship take a complete or partial intermediar- y role on the technology-driven boundary-spanning search, generic technology-oriented boundary-spanning search and innovative performance respectively. The conclusions expand the coordination mechanism and research perspec- tive, and enrich the empirical studies about organizational ambidexterity in the context of emerging economy. Meanwhile ,the research findings have meaningful policy implication, which contribute to optimize the technology capability structure, formulate the collaborative innovation strategy, and built the sustainable competitive advantage for the latecomer enterprises.