论元代畏兀儿的忠君与报国

On Uihur's Loyality to Monarch and Service to Motherland during the Yuan Dynasty

"忠君报国"思想在中原儒家文化中占有独特地位,流风所及,对我国古代少数民族产生了影响深远,回鹘(畏兀儿)亦概莫能外。藉由传世史料与出土文物可见,回鹘之忠君报国思想滥觞于唐代,发展于宋代,成熟于蒙元时期。蒙元时期,由于畏兀儿的内迁,与中原汉地的文化联系进一步密切,忠君报国意识也进一步加强,成为部分畏兀儿人的处世准则,很多人为报君恩而慷慨赴死,其中尤以亦都护家族和偰氏家族最为典型。畏兀儿人忠君报国理念的形成,一方面与中原汉地儒家忠君报国思想息息相关,同时也与佛教、摩尼教所宣扬的护国与报君恩理念存在着紧密的关系。

The idea of loyality to monarch and service to motherland takes a unique position in Confucian culture in the central plains and has a profound effect on ancient ethnic minorities, including Uihur. Judging from historical data handed down from ancient times and unearthed cultural relics, Uihur＇s idea of loyality to monarch and service to motherland started in the Tang Dynasty, developed in the Song Dynasty and became mature in the Yuan Dynasty; when since Uihur moverd to interior and got in closer touch with Han culture in the central plains, the sense of loyality to monarch and service to motherland was further intensified, becoming a norm of some Uihur conducting themselves in society and sacrificing themselves out of their loyality to monarch, especially with Iduq-qut and Xie＇s families as a case in point. Uihur＇s concept of loyality to monarch and service to motherland in shape is closely tied with that of Han people the central plains and also with the idea of defending motherland and loyality to monarch preached by Buddhism and Manicheism.