高等教育发展中的占有与体验——后大众化时代我国高等教育的困境及其超越

The Experience and Occupancy in Higher Education Development——The Predicament of China Higher Education in Post-massification Era and Its Transcendence

高等教育大众化使更多的人进入大学并获得了高等教育,但这种获得具有两种不同的机制:占有与体验。占有是外在的、表面的拥有,不是完整和实质意义上的知识传承机制;体验则是个体身心参与到知识活动中,感受身在其中的教育存在,体现了高等教育的知识传承本质。在高等教育大众化过程中,占有倾向充斥于教育的各层面各环节,造成人们对高等教育获得感的缺失,导致高等教育面临许多现实困境,出现人的异化。在后大众化时代,为了使高等教育真正成为社会与个人的福祉,必须从占有走向体验。

Higher education massification made more students into universities. Howev- er, there were two different mechanisms in their acquisition of higher education： possession and experience. Possession was outside and external holding, which was a complete and meaningful knowledge transmission mechanism; experience was the individual mental and physical participation in the intellectual activity, feeling the existence of education, which embodied the essence of knowledge transmission of higher education. In the process of high- er education massification, all levels of education were filled with possession, making people lack of the acquirement of higher education, which caused many practical difficulties and made people alienated. In the era of post-massification, in order to make higher education the boon to both the society and individuals, it is necessary to turn from possession to experience.