德奈利国家公园和自然保护区自然地理特征

Physical geographic characteristics of Denali National Park and Preserve

国家公园与自然保护区生态系统是地貌研究的重要组成部分,通过研究公园和自然保护区的地理特征有助于进一步了解中南阿拉斯加的地貌特征。在梳理公园所受地质作用以及冰川作用等相关知识的前提下,对德奈利国家公园和自然保护区自然地理特征进行了分析。指出:(1)当地特色景观是长满泰加针叶林的宽阔河谷、苔原布满山坡的陡峻山崖以及北美洲最高峰等;(2)德奈利国家公园延展着几条较小的断层,将中南阿拉斯加较年轻的地层与北面较老的地层分开。公园里还存在很多地质特征差别很大的地质体;(3)在末次冰期时,整个德奈利国家公园都为冰川所覆盖。在整个公园宽阔的谷底可见到釜状湖;(4)主导德奈利国家公园气象条件的因素有:海拔高度、与海洋的距离、阿拉斯加山脉。公园的北部由大陆性气候所主导,冬天漫长寒冷,夏天短促凉爽。

The ecological system of National Park and preserve are the important part of landscape research. Studying the geographic characteristics of park and preserve can help further understand its landscape views. The paper analyzes the physical geographic characteristics of Denali National Park and Preserve on the basis of combing the geologic forces and glacial forces which affect the park under the premise of knowledge. It points out. ①The landscape is characterized by broad river valleys populated with taiga forest, steep mountains with tundradraped slopes and some of the highest peaks in North America; ②Several subfaults run through Denali National Park. Several major faults separate the more recently arrived terranes of Southcentral Alaska from the older ones to the north. There are so many terranes whose geology is very diverse; ③Virtually the entire park was covered with them during the last glaciatioru Kettle lakes are seen in the broad valley bottom throughout the park; ④The climate of Denali National Park is dominated by several factors, its elevation, its distance from the sea, and the presence of the Alaska Range. The north side of the park is dominated by the continental climate. The result is long, cold winters and short, cool summers.