美国冷战政策的开拓者:洛伊·亨德森外交思想述论

A Pioneer of the U.S. Cold War Policy:Loy Henderson's Diplomatic Thoughts

洛伊·亨德森是我们研究美国冷战政策时的一个不容忽视的人物,他是美国国务院最早提出对苏联实施遏制政策和主持起草"杜鲁门主义"的资深外交官。自上个世纪20年代末开始,他就确立反苏立场,并坚信苏联将推动世界革命作为外交目标;二战结束后,他从研究美国中东政策入手,向国务院建言插手中东事务以遏制苏联共产主义的扩张,并主持和参与了杜鲁门宣言的起草工作。本文全面探究了亨德森遏制苏联思想的形成和推动杜鲁门主义出台的过程,以图对全面了解美国冷战政策的起源与实质提供新的参考。

Loy Henderson was a key person in the study of U.S.Cold War policy.He was a senior diplomat of U.S.Department of State who was responsible for the drafting of the Truman Doctrine,an early move which would influence U.S.containment policy for decades to come.Since the 1920 s,he had established anti-Soviet position and firmly believed that the Soviet's diplomatic goal was to promote world revolution.After World War II,he recommended to the State Department that the U.S.should intervene in the Middle East affairs to contain the expansion of Soviet communism.He presided over and participated in the drafting of the Truman Doctrine.This paper explores the forming of Henderson's containment thought on the Soviet Union and the process of how he promoted the introduction of the Truman Doctrine.Meanwhile,it attempts to provide a new reference for a comprehensive understanding of the origin and essence of U.S.Cold War policy.