当代大学生创业现状调查及教育引导对策研究

Investigation on Contemporary College Students Entrepreneurship Status Quo and Education Guidance Countermeasures Research

大学生是推动"大众创业、万众创新"的生力军,他们的创业能力与质量关系到国家创新发展驱动战略的有效落实。通过对全国16个典型城市4935位大学生创业者的调查发现,目前正在创业的大学生主体上是优秀学生;他们的创业能力处于中等偏上的水平;其创业企业规模较小,有一定盈利能力;大学生创业的就业促进效应较为显著;多数大学生创业者认为,目前大学生创业面临良好机遇,对目前的创业政策也有较高评价;但大多数创业者没有接受过系统的创业教育;他们面临诸多创业困境,主要是个人创业经验能力不足、资金短缺以及团队合作不好等;他们认为最好的创业教育形式是到企业实习实践、创业园实训和KAB教学或ERP沙盘教学等实践性教育。为了有效提升大学生创业能力与质量,要进一步切实增强大学生创业教育的系统性;着力加强大学生创业实践教育;注重加强对大学生创业能力的分类培养。

Through investigation on 4 935 college students entrepreneurs from 16 typical cities in China, it is found that the main body of college students entrepreneurs are outstanding students, their entrepreneurship is at above average level, the enterprise scale is smaller but with a certain profitability, and the employment promotion effect of college students＂ entrepreneurship is significant. Most college students entrepreneurs give highly positive comments on entrepreneurship policy, but most of them haven＇t received systematic entrepreneurship education, they face many difficulties, such as, the insufficiency of personal experience ability, the shortage of funds, and poor team work, etc. They believe that the best form of entrepreneurship education is to study directly in business firms, pioneer park practice or ERP sand table and KAB teaching practical education. In order to effectively improve college students＂ career ability and quality, to further strengthen the systematicness of college students＂ entrepreneurship education, we should strengthen college students＂ entrepreneurial practice education, and pay attention to the classification of the college students＂ entrepreneurship training.