社会运动与19世纪末、20世纪前期美国公共教育变革

Social Movement and the Transformation of American Public Education in Late 19th and Early 20th Century

从19世纪末至20世纪前期,美国相继出现了众多旨在改变美国公共教育的运动,这些运动在不同方面、以不同形式对美国公共教育改革发挥了不同程度的影响,共同促进了公共教育的全面变革。这些运动的直接出发点都是对公共教育现状不满以及由此产生的寻求改变的强烈动机。其中,社团活动通过传播与交流信息、教育调查、教育实验等方式成为对美国公共教育发挥影响的主要途径。不同的教育运动之所以对该时期美国公共教育改革发挥重要作用既有特殊的历史原因也有特定的社会条件。

In late 19th and early 20th century, there were many movements aiming to transform American public education in America. These movements played various roles in American public education reform, and promoted the overall transformation of public education. The direct starting point of these movements was due to the dissatisfaction with American public education, and then appeared the strong motivation looking forward to transformation. Among the movements, club activities became the main path to influence American public education through information dissemination communication, educational investigation, educational experiment, etc. That different education movements played important roles in American public education was due to the special history reason and specific social condition.