山西省农业水土资源时空匹配及短缺分析

Study on Spatial-temporal Matching Pattern and Shortage of Agricultural Water and Land Resources in Shanxi Province

利用山西省及所辖11个地市的耕地面积、水资源总量及农田灌溉用水量等数据,使用单位耕地面积水资源量法计算农业水土资源匹配度及当量系数,并采用Arc GIS对匹配格局及短缺状况进行可视化。结果表明,耕地资源和可供农田灌溉水量在空间分布上存在不对称现象;农业水土资源匹配度的年际变化范围为0.120万~0.170万m3/hm2,水资源总量与农业水土资源匹配度的变化趋势相一致;农业水土资源匹配程度的空间差异较大,忻州和晋中的匹配程度较优,运城、长治、临汾、吕梁和朔州的匹配程度良好,大同和太原的匹配程度一般,晋城的匹配程度较差,阳泉的匹配程度极差;全省的当量系数为2.150,属于缺水地区,农业水土资源短缺状况的空间差异较大,其中,晋中、临汾、忻州、吕梁、大同、朔州、运城、长治和太原的当量系数大于1,为缺水地区,晋城和阳泉的当量系数小于1,为缺土地区。

Based on the data of cultivated area, total amount of water resources and the water consumption of farmland irrigation in Shanxi province and its 11 cities, the matching coefficient and equivalent coefficient of agricultural water and land resources were calculated by the method of water resources per unit of cultivated area. Then, the matching pattern and shortage situation were visualized by Arc GIS. The results showed that there was a phenomenon of asymmetry between cultivated land resources and water available for irrigation in space. The inter-annual variation of the matching coefficient of agricultural water and land resources ranged from 0.120×10^4m^3/hm^2 to 0.170×10^4m^3/hm^2. The change trends of total amount of water resources and the matching coefficient of agricultural water and land resources were consistent. The matching degree of agricultural water and land resources had distinct spatial diversity. Xinzhou city and Jinzhong city had better matching degrees than other cities. Yuncheng city, Changzhi city, Linfen city, Lüliang city and Shuozhou city had good matching degrees. Datong city and Taiyuan city had general matching degrees. Jincheng city had a poor matching degree.Yangquan city had the worst matching degree. The equivalent coefficient of Shanxi province was 2.150, and it belonged to water shortage area. The shortage degree of agricultural water and land resources had distinct spatial diversity. The equivalent coefficient of agricultural water and land resources in Jinzhong city, Linfen city, Xinzhou city, Lüliang city, Datong city, Shuozhou city, Yuncheng city, Changzhi city and Taiyuan city were greater than one, and they were all water shortage areas. The equivalent coefficient of agricultural water and land resources in Jincheng city and Yangquan city were less than one, and they were land shortage areas.